how does abuse and maltreatment tend to affect a childs ability to relate to others

ATI RN

Psychology 2301 Exam 1

1. How does abuse and maltreatment tend to affect a child's ability to relate to others?

A. It leads to the development of strong, healthy relationships.
B. It results in difficulty forming healthy relationships later in life.
C. It has little to no impact on a child's social development.
D. It promotes independence in forming new relationships.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Abuse and maltreatment tend to result in difficulties in forming healthy relationships and may lead to a disorganized and disoriented attachment style. Choice A is incorrect because abuse and maltreatment usually hinder the development of strong and healthy relationships. Choice C is incorrect as abuse and maltreatment significantly impact a child's social development. Choice D is incorrect because abuse and maltreatment do not promote independence in forming new relationships but rather create barriers to forming healthy connections.

2. How does parenting style influence child development?

A. Authoritative parenting is associated with the best outcomes.
B. Permissive parenting leads to the best outcomes.
C. Neglectful parenting is associated with the best outcomes.
D. Authoritarian parenting is the most effective in child development.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Authoritative parenting, which balances warmth and control, is associated with the best outcomes in child development. It fosters independence, self-regulation, and social competence in children. Choice B is incorrect because permissive parenting, which is characterized by low demands and high responsiveness, may lead to issues like lack of self-discipline. Choice C is incorrect as neglectful parenting, characterized by low demands and low responsiveness, can result in various negative outcomes for the child. Choice D is incorrect because authoritarian parenting, which is high on control but low on warmth, may lead to obedience but can also stifle a child's independence and creativity.

3. Which of the following is a common effect of persistent discrimination?

A. Increased happiness
B. Greater intelligence and wisdom
C. Cardiovascular reactivity
D. Increased consciousness

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cardiovascular reactivity. Persistent discrimination can have negative impacts on an individual's physical health, leading to increased cardiovascular reactivity. This can manifest as higher blood pressure, heart rate, and overall stress on the cardiovascular system. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because persistent discrimination typically does not result in increased happiness, greater intelligence and wisdom, or increased consciousness. Instead, it often leads to detrimental effects on mental and physical health.

4. Why does the selection of a theoretical perspective of mental disorders matter?

A. Because it determines how data is interpreted, and influences treatment approaches.
B. It matters because different perspectives offer different insights into the causes and treatments of mental disorders.
C. The selection of a theoretical perspective is not important as all perspectives lead to the same treatment outcomes.
D. Theoretical perspectives are only relevant for academic research, not for clinical practice.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The selection of a theoretical perspective matters because it determines how data is interpreted and influences the treatment approaches that are considered appropriate. Choice B is incorrect because different perspectives may lead to different interpretations and treatment strategies. Choice C is incorrect because different theoretical perspectives can result in varied treatment outcomes. Choice D is incorrect because theoretical perspectives play a crucial role in both academic research and clinical practice.

5. What neurotransmitter was first believed to be the cause of schizophrenia?

A. GABA
B. Serotonin
C. Epinephrine
D. Dopamine

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is Dopamine. Dopamine was initially thought to be the primary cause of schizophrenia. This neurotransmitter hypothesis was based on the observation that drugs that increase dopamine activity can worsen symptoms of schizophrenia, while drugs that decrease dopamine activity can improve symptoms. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because GABA, serotonin, and epinephrine were not the neurotransmitters initially believed to be the cause of schizophrenia.