ATI RN
Human Growth and Development Exam Questions
1. A childbirth leave of __________ predicts favorable maternal physical and mental health, supportive marital interaction, and sensitive caregiving.
- A. 6 weeks
- B. 8 weeks
- C. 10 weeks
- D. 12 weeks or more
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Research indicates that a childbirth leave of 12 weeks or more leads to favorable outcomes for maternal physical and mental health, supportive marital interaction, and sensitive caregiving. This extended period of leave allows mothers to recover physically, adjust psychologically, and establish strong bonds with their newborn, which ultimately benefits the whole family. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not provide the optimal duration needed for mothers to experience the full range of benefits associated with an extended childbirth leave.
2. In a cross-sectional design, researchers study __________.
- A. the same group of participants repeatedly at different ages
- B. groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time
- C. groups of participants of the same age in different years
- D. participants of the same age at the same point in time
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In a cross-sectional design, researchers study groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time. This design allows researchers to compare different age groups simultaneously, providing valuable insight into age-related differences without the need to track the same group over time. Choice A is incorrect because it describes a longitudinal design where the same group is followed over time. Choice C is incorrect as it involves different groups of the same age studied at different times. Choice D is incorrect as it does not capture the essence of a cross-sectional design, which involves studying groups of different ages at the same point in time.
3. Which statement about the harm done by teratogens is true?
- A. Passive smoking can be harmful to the developing fetus.
- B. The genetic makeup of the mother and the developing organism plays an important role.
- C. The negative impact of teratogens is usually reversible.
- D. The most serious defects occur in the germinal period.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The statement that the genetic makeup of the mother and the developing organism plays an important role in the harm done by teratogens is true. Genetic factors can influence susceptibility to teratogens, and the interaction between genetic and environmental factors plays a significant role in determining the impact on the developing fetus. This highlights the importance of considering both genetic and environmental influences when assessing risks to prenatal development. Choice A is incorrect as passive smoking can indeed be harmful to the developing fetus. Choice C is incorrect as the negative impact of teratogens is often not reversible. Choice D is incorrect as serious defects can occur throughout prenatal development, not just in the germinal period.
4. Pregnant women are wise to avoid eating __________, which are heavily contaminated with __________.
- A. long-lived predatory fish; mercury
- B. freshwater fish; lead
- C. long-lived predatory fish; polychlorinated biphenyls
- D. freshwater fish; radiation
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Pregnant women are wise to avoid eating long-lived predatory fish, which are heavily contaminated with mercury. Mercury is a known teratogen, meaning it can negatively impact the development of the fetus and lead to birth defects. It is recommended that pregnant women choose fish with lower levels of mercury to reduce potential risks to the baby's health. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because lead, polychlorinated biphenyls, and radiation are not typically found in fish at levels that pose significant risks to pregnant women and the developing fetus.
5. __________ supplementation early in pregnancy reduces the risk of abnormalities of the neural tube, the circulatory system, and the urinary tract.
- A. Vitamin A
- B. Folic acid
- C. Vitamin D
- D. Vitamin C
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Folic acid supplementation early in pregnancy is crucial as it reduces the risk of abnormalities in the developing fetus. It is specifically known to prevent issues related to the neural tube, circulatory system, and urinary tract. Vitamin A, Vitamin D, and Vitamin C do not play the same role as folic acid in preventing these specific birth defects, making them incorrect choices.
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