ATI RN
Human Growth and Development Exam Questions
1. Around __________, Baby Alanna should begin to prefer a salty taste to plain water.
- A. 2 weeks
- B. 6 weeks
- C. 2 months
- D. 4 months
Correct answer: D
Rationale: At around 4 months of age, babies begin to develop a preference for salty taste over plain water. This preference is part of their sensory development and exploration of tastes. Introducing a variety of flavors, including salty tastes, at this stage helps broaden the baby's palate and acceptance of different foods later on. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as babies typically do not develop a preference for salty tastes over plain water at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, or 2 months of age. These earlier stages are more focused on milk feeding and the introduction of solid foods usually begins around 4-6 months of age.
2. Which statement about the newborn baby's appearance is true?
- A. Girls tend to be slightly longer and heavier than boys.
- B. Their round faces and big eyes make adults feel like picking them up.
- C. The trunk is large in comparison to the head, and the legs are straight.
- D. On average, they are 18 inches long and 5½ pounds in weight.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct statement about the newborn baby's appearance is that the trunk is large in comparison to the head, and the legs are straight. This is a common characteristic of newborn babies as their proportions are different from adults. Choice A is incorrect as there is no consistent trend of girls being longer and heavier than boys at birth. Choice B is incorrect as the perception of adults wanting to pick up babies is subjective and not a universal truth. Choice D is incorrect as the average length and weight provided may not apply to all newborn babies, as there can be variations.
3. Which statement about a blastocyst is true?
- A. It consists of a single cell.
- B. It is a structure that feeds the developing organism.
- C. Between the seventh and ninth days, it burrows deep into the uterine lining.
- D. It is a membrane that helps to keep the temperature of the prenatal world constant.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The statement that is true about a blastocyst is that between the seventh and ninth days, it burrows deep into the uterine lining. This process, known as implantation, is essential for the blastocyst to establish a connection with the mother's body and receive nutrients for further development. It is a critical stage in prenatal development and sets the foundation for pregnancy. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. A blastocyst is not a single cell but rather a structure composed of many cells. It is not a structure that feeds the developing organism; instead, it implants in the uterine lining to receive nutrients. It is not a membrane that regulates temperature but plays a crucial role in the initial stages of pregnancy by implanting in the uterus.
4. Pregnant women are wise to avoid eating __________, which are heavily contaminated with __________.
- A. long-lived predatory fish; mercury
- B. freshwater fish; lead
- C. long-lived predatory fish; polychlorinated biphenyls
- D. freshwater fish; radiation
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Pregnant women are wise to avoid eating long-lived predatory fish, which are heavily contaminated with mercury. Mercury is a known teratogen, meaning it can negatively impact the development of the fetus and lead to birth defects. It is recommended that pregnant women choose fish with lower levels of mercury to reduce potential risks to the baby's health. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because lead, polychlorinated biphenyls, and radiation are not typically found in fish at levels that pose significant risks to pregnant women and the developing fetus.
5. Small-for-date infants __________ than preterm infants.
- A. catch fewer infections during the first year
- B. are less likely to die during the first year
- C. more often show evidence of brain damage
- D. have higher intelligence tests by middle childhood
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Small-for-date infants more often show evidence of brain damage than preterm infants. This can be attributed to factors such as intrauterine growth restriction and poor nutrition during pregnancy, which can affect the development of the baby's brain. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because there is no evidence to support that small-for-date infants catch fewer infections, are less likely to die, or have higher intelligence tests compared to preterm infants.
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