ATI RN
Human Growth and Development Exam Questions
1. When faced with a problem, Sydney starts with a hypothesis, deduces testable inferences, and isolates and combines variables to see which inferences are confirmed. Sydney is in Piaget's __________ stage of development.
- A. sensorimotor
- B. preoperational
- C. concrete operational
- D. formal operational
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Sydney's approach of starting with a hypothesis, deducing testable inferences, and isolating and combining variables to confirm inferences aligns with the characteristics of the formal operational stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development. This stage typically emerges during adolescence and is characterized by advanced logical thinking, abstract reasoning, and the ability to think systematically about all possible outcomes of a problem. Choice A, sensorimotor, is incorrect as it pertains to the stage where infants learn through sensory experiences and motor actions. Choice B, preoperational, is incorrect as it involves egocentrism and lack of conservation. Choice C, concrete operational, is incorrect as it focuses on operational thought and logical reasoning in concrete contexts.
2. Which statement about the newborn baby's appearance is true?
- A. Girls tend to be slightly longer and heavier than boys.
- B. Their round faces and big eyes make adults feel like picking them up.
- C. The trunk is large in comparison to the head, and the legs are straight.
- D. On average, they are 18 inches long and 5½ pounds in weight.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct statement about the newborn baby's appearance is that the trunk is large in comparison to the head, and the legs are straight. This is a common characteristic of newborn babies as their proportions are different from adults. Choice A is incorrect as there is no consistent trend of girls being longer and heavier than boys at birth. Choice B is incorrect as the perception of adults wanting to pick up babies is subjective and not a universal truth. Choice D is incorrect as the average length and weight provided may not apply to all newborn babies, as there can be variations.
3. Which major theory of human development emphasizes plasticity at all ages?
- A. psychoanalytic perspective
- B. ethology
- C. evolutionary developmental psychology
- D. lifespan perspective
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, the lifespan perspective. This perspective underscores the idea that individuals have the capacity for growth and change at any age, highlighting plasticity throughout the lifespan. It acknowledges the continuous development and adaptability of individuals to various experiences and factors. Choice A, the psychoanalytic perspective, focuses more on unconscious processes and early childhood experiences. Choice B, ethology, emphasizes the study of animal behavior in natural environments. Choice C, evolutionary developmental psychology, examines how evolutionary principles influence human development but does not specifically focus on plasticity at all ages.
4. What reflex protects an infant from strong stimulation?
- A. Moro
- B. eye-blink
- C. sucking
- D. palmar grasp
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: eye-blink. The eye-blink reflex is the one that protects an infant from strong stimulation by causing them to quickly shut their eyes in response to sudden bright light or a loud noise. This reflex helps to safeguard the infant's sensitive eyes from potential harm. The Moro reflex (choice A) is the startle reflex, the sucking reflex (choice C) helps with feeding, and the palmar grasp reflex (choice D) is when the infant's fingers close around an object placed in their hand; none of these reflexes specifically protect the infant from strong stimulation.
5. To avoid exposure to toxoplasmosis, Kaye should ask other family members to __________.
- A. stop smoking
- B. pick up after the dog
- C. change the litter box
- D. feed the fish
Correct answer: C
Rationale: To avoid exposure to toxoplasmosis, Kaye should ask other family members to change the litter box. Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection that can be transmitted through cat feces, so it is important for pregnant women to avoid handling cat litter to reduce the risk of infection. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they are not directly related to preventing toxoplasmosis. Smoking cessation is important for overall health but not specifically to prevent toxoplasmosis. Picking up after the dog and feeding the fish are not relevant to preventing toxoplasmosis, as the infection is primarily associated with cat feces.
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