ATI RN
Human Growth and Development Exam Questions
1. According to the continuous view of development, the difference between the immature and the mature is simply one of amount or complexity.
- A. nature
- B. discontinuous
- C. nurture
- D. continuous
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. According to the continuous view of development, the difference between the immature and the mature is seen as simply one of amount or complexity. This view suggests that development is a gradual and continuous process where individuals steadily acquire new abilities without abrupt changes or stages. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because nature, discontinuous, and nurture do not align with the description provided in the question. Nature typically refers to genetic or biological factors, discontinuous implies stages or abrupt changes, and nurture relates to environmental influences, none of which are synonymous with the continuous view of development.
2. The __________ reflex helps a newborn find the nipple.
- A. rooting
- B. Moro
- C. Babinski
- D. tonic neck Answer: A Page Ref: 101 Skill Level: Understand Topic: The Newborn Baby’s Capacities Difficulty Level: Moderate
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The rooting reflex is the correct answer. This reflex helps a newborn baby find the nipple by turning their head and opening their mouth when their cheek is stroked or touched. This is crucial for the baby to locate and latch onto the mother's breast for feeding. The rooting reflex typically disappears around 4 months of age.
3. Dr. George predicted that positive reinforcement would increase prosocial behavior in preschoolers. Dr. George's prediction is an example of a __________.
- A. theory
- B. research question
- C. hypothesis
- D. research design
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Dr. George's prediction that positive reinforcement would increase prosocial behavior in preschoolers is an example of a hypothesis. A hypothesis is a specific, testable prediction about the relationship between variables based on existing knowledge or theories. In this case, Dr. George is making a prediction about the effect of positive reinforcement on prosocial behavior, which can be tested through research. Choice A, 'theory,' is incorrect because a theory is a broader explanation that integrates a range of findings and observations. Choice B, 'research question,' is incorrect as it refers to an inquiry that asks about the relationship between variables but lacks the specificity and testability of a hypothesis. Choice D, 'research design,' is incorrect as it pertains to the overall strategy or plan for conducting a research study, not the specific prediction Dr. George made.
4. Today, research that combines an experimental strategy with __________ approach is becoming increasingly common.
- A. both a correlational and a sequential
- B. either a correlational or a sequential
- C. either a longitudinal or a cross-sectional
- D. both a correlational and a longitudinal
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The blank in the statement refers to an approach that can be used in combination with an experimental strategy. Longitudinal and cross-sectional approaches are two common research methods in developmental psychology. Longitudinal studies involve following the same group of individuals over an extended period, while cross-sectional studies compare different groups of individuals of different ages at the same time. By combining an experimental strategy with either a longitudinal or a cross-sectional approach, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of developmental processes and changes over time. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because correlational and sequential are not the most relevant approaches when studying developmental changes over time in research.
5. What is a major strength of the longitudinal design?
- A. Examine relationships between early and later behaviors
- B. Collect a large amount of data in a short time span
- C. Explore similarities among children of different cohorts
- D. Study participants differing in age at the same point in time
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A major strength of the longitudinal design is that researchers can examine relationships between early and later behaviors. This design allows researchers to observe and track changes in the same participants over an extended period of time, providing valuable insights into developmental trajectories and how behaviors are connected across different stages of life. Choice B is incorrect because longitudinal studies track changes over time, not necessarily collect a large amount of data in a short time span. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to cross-sectional studies rather than longitudinal studies. Choice D is incorrect as it describes a cross-sectional design where participants of different ages are studied at the same time.
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