ATI RN
Human Growth and Development Final Exam Quizlet
1. __________ parenting in particular is linked to emerging adults' psychological well-being.
- A. Overprotective
- B. Permissive
- C. Autonomy-supportive
- D. Helicopter
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Autonomy-supportive parenting, which encourages independence and decision-making skills, is positively linked to the psychological well-being of emerging adults. This style of parenting fosters resilience and self-esteem. Overprotective parenting (choice A) may hinder the development of autonomy and problem-solving abilities, leading to increased anxiety. Permissive parenting (choice B) lacks structure and limits, potentially resulting in difficulties with self-regulation. Helicopter parenting (choice D) involves excessive intervention and control, which can impede the development of self-reliance and confidence.
2. Development is best understood as __________.
- A. genetically determined
- B. environmentally influenced
- C. an unsolvable puzzle
- D. a series of complex exchanges between nature and nurture
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Development is best understood as a series of complex exchanges between nature (genetic factors) and nurture (environmental influences). This perspective emphasizes the interaction and interplay between genetic predispositions and environmental experiences in shaping an individual's development. Choices A and B are too extreme as they suggest that development is solely determined by genetics or solely influenced by the environment, which is not the case. Choice C is incorrect as development is not viewed as an unsolvable puzzle but rather as a dynamic process influenced by multiple factors.
3. Infants engage in __________ by actively seeking emotional information from a trusted person in an uncertain situation.
- A. self-control
- B. give-and-take
- C. emotional self-regulation
- D. social referencing
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'social referencing.' Social referencing is a behavior where infants seek emotional information from a trusted person, usually a caregiver, to determine how to respond in uncertain situations. This process helps infants regulate their emotions and behaviors based on the cues they receive from the trusted individual. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because self-control, give-and-take, and emotional self-regulation do not specifically involve seeking emotional information from others in uncertain situations, as social referencing does.
4. Which factor fosters a more positive, coherent early self-concept?
- A. Permissive parenting
- B. A warm, sensitive parent-child relationship
- C. Authoritarian parenting
- D. Strong identification with an other-sex parent
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A warm, sensitive parent-child relationship is crucial in fostering a positive and coherent early self-concept in children. This type of relationship provides support, security, and emotional guidance, helping children develop a strong sense of self-worth and self-identity. Permissive parenting (Choice A) may lead to confusion and inconsistency in discipline, impacting the child's self-concept negatively. Authoritarian parenting (Choice C), characterized by strict rules and a lack of warmth, can result in a child feeling insecure and having a negative self-concept. Strong identification with an other-sex parent (Choice D) may influence gender identity development but may not directly impact the early self-concept in the same way a warm and sensitive parent-child relationship does.
5. The concept of ________ means that because of their genetic makeup, individuals differ in their responsiveness to qualities of the environment.
- A. gene-environment interaction
- B. niche-picking
- C. passive correlation
- D. evocative correlation
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, gene-environment interaction. This concept highlights that genetic factors play a role in how individuals react to environmental factors. Niche-picking (choice B) refers to the tendency of individuals to select environments that complement their genetic predispositions, not the inherent genetic differences in responsiveness. Passive correlation (choice C) involves the association between the genetic makeup of parents and the environment they provide for their children, not individual differences in responsiveness. Evocative correlation (choice D) relates to the idea that an individual's genetic traits can elicit certain responses from others in the environment, rather than individual differences in responsiveness.
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