ATI RN
Human Growth and Development Final Exam Quizlet
1. Breastfeeding for just a few weeks ________.
- A. is a rare practice among American women
- B. leads directly to later obesity
- C. is not helpful because, in the beginning, breastfeeding causes constipation
- D. offers some protection against respiratory and intestinal infections
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Breastfeeding for even a short period offers infants protection against respiratory and intestinal infections. Choice A is incorrect because breastfeeding is not a rare practice among American women. Choice B is incorrect as there is no direct link between breastfeeding for a few weeks and later obesity. Choice C is incorrect as breastfeeding does not cause constipation in infants; in fact, it can help prevent constipation.
2. According to Erikson, when parents are over- or undercontrolling, the outcome is a child who __________.
- A. feels forced and shamed
- B. acts competently on his own
- C. asserts his independence
- D. feels self-confident
Correct answer: A
Rationale: According to Erikson, when parents are over- or undercontrolling, the outcome is a child who feels forced and shamed. This is because overly controlling parents can make the child feel inadequate, leading to a sense of shame and doubt. Choice B, 'acts competently on his own,' is incorrect because overcontrolling parents hinder the child's ability to act independently. Choice C, 'asserts his independence,' is incorrect because overcontrolling parents can actually suppress the child's independence. Choice D, 'feels self-confident,' is incorrect because overcontrolling parenting can undermine the child's confidence and lead to feelings of inadequacy.
3. Heaven was born several weeks before her due date. Although she was small, her birth weight was appropriate, based on time spent in the uterus. Heaven is a __________ infant.
- A. small-for-date
- B. small-for-weight
- C. mature
- D. preterm
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Heaven is a preterm infant because she was born early, but her weight is appropriate for the time she spent in the womb. Choice A, 'small-for-date,' is incorrect as it does not specifically indicate that the infant was born before the due date. Choice B, 'small-for-weight,' is incorrect because the infant's weight is appropriate for the gestational age. Choice C, 'mature,' is incorrect as it does not reflect the early birth of the infant.
4. __________ children are at risk for poor school performance, substance abuse, and antisocial behavior in adolescence and criminality in adulthood.
- A. Average
- B. Controversial
- C. Rejected
- D. Popular
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Rejected children often face social difficulties that lead to negative outcomes later in life, including academic and behavioral problems. The term 'rejected' specifically refers to children who are socially excluded or shunned by their peers, leading to the mentioned negative consequences. 'Average,' 'Controversial,' and 'Popular' do not convey the same meaning and are not related to the risks mentioned in the question.
5. Development is best understood as __________.
- A. genetically determined
- B. environmentally influenced
- C. an unsolvable puzzle
- D. a series of complex exchanges between nature and nurture
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Development is best understood as a series of complex exchanges between nature (genetic factors) and nurture (environmental influences). This perspective emphasizes the interaction and interplay between genetic predispositions and environmental experiences in shaping an individual's development. Choices A and B are too extreme as they suggest that development is solely determined by genetics or solely influenced by the environment, which is not the case. Choice C is incorrect as development is not viewed as an unsolvable puzzle but rather as a dynamic process influenced by multiple factors.
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