ATI RN
Nursing Care of Children ATI
1. What approach is the most appropriate when performing a physical assessment on a toddler?
- A. Demonstrate the use of equipment
- B. Perform traumatic procedures last
- C. Use minimum physical contact initially
- D. Always proceed systematically in a head-to-toe direction
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The most appropriate approach when performing a physical assessment on a toddler is to use minimum physical contact initially. This helps gain the toddler's cooperation and reduces their distress. Performing traumatic procedures last is crucial as they are likely to upset the child and should be handled with care. Demonstrating the use of equipment may be complex for toddlers to understand, so it is not the most appropriate initial approach. Proceeding systematically in a head-to-toe direction is a good practice but using minimum physical contact initially is more important to establish trust and cooperation with the toddler.
2. According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, the school-age child is in which stage?
- A. Industry vs. inferiority
- B. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
- C. Identity vs. role diffusion
- D. Trust vs. mistrust
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Industry vs. inferiority.' According to Erikson’s theory, school-age children (approximately 6-12 years old) are in the stage of industry vs. inferiority. In this stage, children focus on developing a sense of competence and productivity. Choice B, 'Autonomy vs. shame and doubt,' is incorrect as it refers to the stage that occurs during early childhood (1-3 years old). Choice C, 'Identity vs. role diffusion,' pertains to adolescence (12-18 years old). Choice D, 'Trust vs. mistrust,' is related to the stage of infancy (0-1 year old). Therefore, option A is the most appropriate stage for school-age children in Erikson's theory.
3. Which type of play would be most beneficial for preparing a preschool-age child for upcoming surgery to reduce the stress of the event?
- A. Cooperative play
- B. Associative play
- C. Dramatic play
- D. Onlooker play
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Dramatic play involves role-playing, allowing children to act out scenarios and become more comfortable with them. This type of play can help reduce anxiety about upcoming events like surgery. Cooperative play involves working together towards a common goal, associative play involves loosely interacting with others, and onlooker play involves observing others play without actively participating. These types of play are not as directly related to preparing a child for surgery and reducing stress as dramatic play.
4. The apnea monitor alarm sounds on a neonate for the third time during this shift. What is the priority action by the nurse?
- A. Provide tactile stimulation.
- B. Administer 100% oxygen.
- C. Investigate possible causes of a false alarm.
- D. Assess infant for color and presence of respirations.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The priority action for the nurse when the apnea monitor alarm sounds on a neonate is to assess the infant for color and the presence of respirations. This initial assessment helps determine the infant's respiratory status and the need for immediate intervention. Providing tactile stimulation or administering oxygen should only be done after assessing the infant's respiratory status. Investigating possible causes of a false alarm comes after ensuring the infant's well-being through the initial assessment.
5. The parents of an infant with a cleft palate ask the nurse, "What follow-up care will our infant need after the repair?" Which is an accurate response by the nurse?
- A. Your infant will not need any subsequent follow-up care
- B. Your infant will only need to be evaluated by an audiologist
- C. Your infant will only need follow-up with a speech pathologist
- D. Your infant will need follow-up with audiologists and orthodontists
Correct answer: D
Rationale: After cleft palate repair, the child will need ongoing follow-up with audiologists, speech pathologists, and orthodontists to monitor hearing, speech development, and dental alignment.
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