ATI RN
Nursing Care of Children ATI
1. Which is usually the only symptom of pediculosis capitis (head lice)?
- A. Itching
- B. Vesicles
- C. Scalp rash
- D. Localized inflammatory response
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Itching is typically the primary and most common symptom of pediculosis capitis due to the lice bites on the scalp.
2. The nurse is discussing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) with a 17-year-old student. Which cognitive development theory should the teaching plan be based on?
- A. Sensorimotor reactions
- B. Limited cause and effect understanding
- C. Abstract thinking
- D. Concrete thinking
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Abstract thinking.' According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, adolescents, typically around the age of 12 and older, enter the formal operational stage where they can think abstractly and reason about hypothetical situations. When discussing complex topics like STIs with a 17-year-old student, it is essential to base the teaching plan on abstract thinking. Choice A, 'Sensorimotor reactions,' is incorrect as it pertains to the earliest stage in Piaget's theory (birth to 2 years old) focusing on sensory experiences and physical interactions. Choice B, 'Limited cause and effect understanding,' does not align with the cognitive abilities of a 17-year-old who is capable of more advanced thinking. Choice D, 'Concrete thinking,' is also incorrect as it refers to the stage before formal operations, where individuals think more concretely and struggle with abstract concepts.
3. The clinic nurse is assessing a child with a heavy ascariasis lumbricoides (common roundworm) infection. Which assessment findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Anemia
- B. Anorexia
- C. All are applicable
- D. Intestinal colic
Correct answer: D
Rationale: A heavy roundworm infection can cause anemia, anorexia, irritability, and an enlarged abdomen due to the worms’ effects on nutrient absorption and intestinal function.
4. A 4-month-old infant is discharged home after surgery for the repair of a cleft lip. What should instructions to the parents include?
- A. Provide crib toys for distraction
- B. Breast- or bottle-feeding can begin immediately
- C. Give pain medication to the infant to minimize crying
- D. Leave the infant in the crib at all times to prevent suture strain
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Pain management is essential postoperatively to reduce crying, which could place strain on the surgical site. Feeding and holding the infant are allowed, but care should be taken to avoid placing pressure on the suture line.
5. A new dad is concerned about his toddler's play patterns. The nurse informs him that ____________ play is normally exhibited by toddlers:
- A. Associative
- B. Team
- C. Solitary
- D. Parallel
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Parallel.' Parallel play is a common play pattern observed in toddlers where they play alongside each other without direct interaction. This type of play allows toddlers to observe and mimic each other's actions, aiding in their social development. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Associative play involves some interaction between children, team play involves organized group activities, and solitary play is when a child plays alone, all of which are not typically exhibited by toddlers during play.
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