ATI RN
ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam
1. Each of the following describes the physiologic roles of water, except one. Which is the exception?
- A. Acts as a solvent for chemical reactions.
- B. Maintains stability of body fluids.
- C. Enables transport of nutrients and excretion of waste.
- D. Regulates temperature by pooling as perspiration on skin.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Water regulates body temperature by evaporating as perspiration from the skin, not by pooling. When sweat evaporates from the skin, it takes away heat, which helps cool the body. Choices A, B, and C are correct because water acts as a solvent for chemical reactions, maintains the stability of body fluids, and enables the transport of nutrients and excretion of waste, respectively.
2. Systemic disease often manifests in the oral cavity first. Disease within the oral cavity can cause systemic complications.
- A. Both statements are true.
- B. Both statements are false.
- C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
- D. The first statement is false; the second is true.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Both statements are true. Systemic diseases can often present with oral manifestations before other systemic signs appear. Additionally, oral diseases can have systemic implications by affecting a person's overall health, such as through inflammation or compromised nutrient intake. Choice B is incorrect because both statements are true, as supported by medical literature. Choice C is incorrect because the second statement is also true. Choice D is incorrect because the first statement is true.
3. Which consumption pattern of fermentable carbohydrate is considered most cariogenic?
- A. A single exposure to a large quantity
- B. A single exposure to a small quantity
- C. Multiple exposures of small quantities
- D. Multiple exposures followed by chewing sugarless gum
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Multiple exposures of small quantities are considered most cariogenic. The total amount of dietary fermentable carbohydrate seems to matter less than the form and frequency in which it is consumed. Having multiple exposures of even small quantities of fermentable carbohydrate throughout the day promotes a highly cariogenic environment in the mouth. Choices A and B, involving single exposures, are less cariogenic as they do not sustain the fermentation process over time. Choice D suggests a beneficial practice by chewing sugarless gum after exposures, which can reduce the risk, making it less cariogenic compared to multiple exposures of small quantities.
4. Which type of nutritional deficiency results from inadequate absorption?
- A. Unmeasurable
- B. Primary deficiency
- C. Secondary deficiency
- D. Codependent
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Secondary deficiency. A nutritional deficiency resulting from decreased intake is called a primary deficiency. On the other hand, a secondary deficiency refers to a vitamin deficiency caused by inadequate absorption or use, increased requirements, excretion, or destruction. Choice A, 'Unmeasurable,' is incorrect as it does not describe a type of nutritional deficiency. Choice B, 'Primary deficiency,' is incorrect as it refers to a deficiency caused by decreased intake, not inadequate absorption. Choice D, 'Codependent,' is incorrect as it is unrelated to the context of nutritional deficiencies.
5. Fat-soluble vitamins are different from water-soluble vitamins because the body is able to store only small amounts of fat-soluble vitamins.
- A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
- B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
- C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
- D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct. A major difference between fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins is that the body is able to store larger amounts of fat-soluble vitamins. Vitamins A and D are stored for long periods; therefore, minor shortages might not be identified until drastic depletion has occurred. Observable signs and symptoms of a dietary deficiency are often not identified until they are in an advanced state. Water-soluble vitamins, on the other hand, are not stored in the body and are excreted in the urine if taken in excess, making it harder to reach toxic levels.
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