ATI RN
RN Pediatric Nursing 2023 ATI
1. Which food should be avoided by a child with acute glomerulonephritis to prevent hyperkalemia, as recommended by the nurse?
- A. Dairy products
- B. Whole-grain cereals
- C. Organ meats
- D. Bananas
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Bananas are rich in potassium, which can contribute to hyperkalemia in individuals with acute glomerulonephritis. It is essential to limit potassium intake to prevent further complications associated with high potassium levels in the blood.
2. During an assessment, which manifestation should a healthcare provider expect in an infant with pyloric stenosis?
- A. Bile-stained vomitus
- B. Distended abdomen
- C. Olive-shaped mass in the upper abdomen
- D. Painless, swollen joints
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Pyloric stenosis in infants typically presents with an olive-shaped mass in the upper abdomen due to hypertrophy of the pyloric muscle. This mass can often be palpated during an assessment and is a key characteristic of this condition. Bile-stained vomitus may be seen in conditions such as intestinal obstruction; a distended abdomen can be a nonspecific sign of various conditions, and painless, swollen joints are not typically associated with pyloric stenosis.
3. The nurse provides discharge instructions to a patient prescribed verapamil SR 120mg PO daily for HTN. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the medication?
- A. �I will take the medication with grapefruit juice each morning.�
- B. �I should expect occasional loose stools from this medication�
- C. �I�ll need to reduce the amount of fiber in my diet�
- D. �I must swallow the pill whole.�
Correct answer: D
Rationale: �SR� indicates that the drug is sustained release; therefore, the patient must swallow the pill intact, without chewing or crushing, which would result in a bolus effect. Grapefruit juice should be avoided, because it can inhibit intestinal and hepatic metabolism of the drug, thereby raising the drug level. Constipation, not loose stools, is a common side effect. Increasing fluids and dietary fiber can help prevent this adverse effect.
4. A patient is taking a first-generation H1 blocker for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. It is most important for the nurse to assess for which adverse effect?
- A. Skin flushing
- B. Wheezing
- C. Insomnia
- D. Dry mouth
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Adverse Effect of Histamine � First Generation H1 blockers include dry mouth.
5. The caregiver is teaching a parent of a young child with a newly diagnosed seizure disorder. The child is prescribed valproic acid (Depakote) for control of seizures. Which parental statement indicates the need for further education?
- A. I will not use carbonated beverages to dilute his medication.
- B. I will give his medication with food to minimize gastrointestinal upset.
- C. I will not let him chew his tablet.
- D. I will bring him to the physician's office for regular blood work to check his blood levels.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Valproic acid should be administered with food to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal upset. Giving it on an empty stomach may increase the likelihood of adverse effects. The other statements are correct: A - Carbonated beverages should not be used to dilute the medication, C - The tablet should not be chewed, and D - Regular blood work is necessary to monitor valproic acid levels and potential side effects.
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