ATI RN
ATI Nursing Care of Children
1. What is the most critical physiological change required of newborns at birth?
- A. Transition from fetal to neonatal breathing
- B. Body temperature maintenance
- C. Stabilization of fluid and electrolytes
- D. Closure of fetal shunts in the heart
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Transition from fetal to neonatal breathing. The most critical physiological change required of newborns at birth is the initiation of breathing. This transition is crucial for the newborn to start exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide outside the womb, marking the beginning of their independent respiratory function. Choices B, C, and D are important aspects of newborn care but are not as immediately critical as the establishment of breathing for oxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide, which is essential for the newborn's survival and adaptation to extrauterine life.
2. During a funduscopic examination of a school-age child, the nurse notes a brilliant, uniform red reflex in both eyes. The nurse should recognize that this is which?
- A. A normal finding
- B. A sign of a possible visual defect and a need for vision screening
- C. An abnormal finding requiring referral to an ophthalmologist
- D. A sign of small hemorrhages, which usually resolve spontaneously
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A brilliant, uniform red reflex in both eyes is a normal finding, indicating that the retina is healthy and there are no significant obstructions in the visual pathway.
3. Pertussis vaccination should begin at which age?
- A. Birth
- B. 2 months
- C. 6 months
- D. 12 months
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The DTaP vaccine, which includes pertussis, is typically started at 2 months of age as part of the recommended immunization schedule.
4. Which is the single most important factor to consider when communicating with children?
- A. Presence of the child's parent
- B. Child’s physical condition
- C. Child’s developmental level
- D. Child’s nonverbal behaviors
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The child’s developmental level is the most important factor, as it determines how information should be communicated and what the child can understand.
5. According to Piaget, which principle supports a nine-year-old child's understanding that an arm will look the same when the IV is removed?
- A. The principle of conservation
- B. The principle of transductive reasoning
- C. The principle of identity
- D. The principle of reflex abilities
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, the principle of conservation. Piaget's principle of conservation relates to a child's ability to understand that certain properties of objects remain unchanged despite modifications in their appearance. In this case, the child's understanding that an arm will look the same after the IV is removed demonstrates conservation of appearance. Choice B, transductive reasoning, involves making faulty generalizations based on specific instances and does not apply in this context. Choice C, the principle of identity, pertains to recognizing objects as the same even if they undergo transformations, which is not directly relevant to the scenario. Choice D, reflex abilities, refers to automatic responses to stimuli and is unrelated to the child's understanding of the arm's appearance post-IV removal.
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