ATI RN
Psychology 101 Exam 3 Test
1. Distinguish between necessary, sufficient, and contributory causes of abnormal behavior.
- A. Necessary causes are required for a disorder to develop but do not guarantee it.
- B. Sufficient causes guarantee a disorder will develop, but they are not required.
- C. Contributory causes increase the likelihood of a disorder but are neither necessary nor sufficient.
- D. Contributory causes are conditions that guarantee the occurrence of a disorder.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In understanding abnormal behavior, it is crucial to differentiate between necessary, sufficient, and contributory causes. Necessary causes are those that are required for a disorder to develop, meaning that without them, the disorder would not occur. However, their presence does not guarantee the occurrence of the disorder. Sufficient causes, on the other hand, are those that alone can guarantee the development of a disorder, but they are not the only factors that can lead to it. Contributory causes are factors that increase the likelihood of a disorder but are not essential on their own nor do they guarantee the disorder. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer as it accurately describes the role of necessary causes in the development of abnormal behavior. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they misrepresent the definitions and roles of sufficient and contributory causes in causing abnormal behavior.
2. What are culture-bound syndromes?
- A. Culture-bound syndromes are disorders that can be found in all cultures.
- B. Culture-bound syndromes are disorders that are specific to certain cultural contexts.
- C. Culture-bound syndromes are myths and do not exist.
- D. Culture-bound syndromes are conditions seen only in psychiatric hospitals.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Culture-bound syndromes are disorders that are specific to certain cultural contexts. These syndromes may not be recognized or understood outside of the specific cultural context where they originate. Choice A is incorrect because culture-bound syndromes are not universal and are tied to specific cultural beliefs and practices. Choice C is incorrect as culture-bound syndromes are recognized in the field of psychology and anthropology. Choice D is incorrect as culture-bound syndromes are not limited to psychiatric hospitals but can be observed in various cultural settings.
3. How does genetic predisposition influence mental health?
- A. Genetic predisposition guarantees the development of mental disorders.
- B. Genetic predisposition plays a role but is not the sole determinant of mental health.
- C. Genetic predisposition does not influence mental health.
- D. Genetic predisposition determines mental health without exception.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Genetic predisposition indeed plays a significant role in influencing mental health by increasing the risk of developing certain disorders. However, it is crucial to note that it is not the sole determinant. Mental health is also influenced by various environmental factors, lifestyle choices, and individual experiences. Option A is incorrect because genetic predisposition does not guarantee the development of mental disorders; it only predisposes individuals to a higher risk. Option C is incorrect as genetic predisposition does have an influence on mental health. Option D is incorrect because mental health is a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and other factors.
4. Distinguish between authoritative and authoritarian parenting.
- A. Authoritative parents are controlling and less communicative.
- B. Authoritarian parents are warm and communicative but set firm limits.
- C. Authoritative parents are less controlling and more communicative.
- D. Authoritarian parents are neither warm nor communicative, often leading to moody, irritable children.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Authoritative parents are warm and communicative while also setting firm limits, creating a balanced and nurturing environment. Authoritarian parents, on the other hand, are controlling, less communicative, and tend to set strict rules without much room for discussion. This approach may lead to children becoming irritable and moody due to the lack of warmth and excessive control. Choices A and C incorrectly mix up the characteristics of authoritative and authoritarian parenting. Choice D, although mentioning irritable children, does not accurately capture the key differences between authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles.
5. One important contribution of Freud's theory was that ________.
- A. he truly understood the role of women in society.
- B. he heavily utilized experimental evidence to support his theories.
- C. he applied the same principles to normal and abnormal behavior.
- D. he increased the focus on positive growth for individuals.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Freud's important contribution was that he applied the same principles to both normal and abnormal behavior. This approach allowed for a comprehensive understanding of human behavior without creating a rigid distinction between normal and abnormal psychology. Choice A is incorrect because Freud's theory did not primarily focus on the role of women in society. Choice B is incorrect as Freud's theories were largely based on clinical observations and case studies rather than experimental evidence. Choice D is incorrect as Freud's theory emphasized the unconscious mind and conflicts rather than solely focusing on positive growth for individuals.
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