ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Practice Exam
1. What procedure involves using a balloon to open a narrowed or blocked blood vessel, often followed by the placement of a stent?
- A. Angioplasty
- B. Valve replacement
- C. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
- D. Endarterectomy
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Angioplasty. Angioplasty is a procedure that uses a balloon to open a narrowed or blocked blood vessel, often followed by the placement of a stent to maintain vessel patency. Choice B, Valve replacement, involves replacing damaged heart valves, not treating narrowed blood vessels. Choice C, Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), is a procedure to bypass blocked coronary arteries, not directly open them using a balloon. Choice D, Endarterectomy, is a surgical procedure to remove plaque from the inner lining of an artery, not involving the use of a balloon and stent to open a vessel.
2. For what reason might the nurse be given an order to administer milrinone (Primacor)?
- A. For congestive heart failure
- B. For hypertension
- C. For cardiac arrhythmias
- D. For bradycardia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Milrinone is commonly prescribed for congestive heart failure to help improve cardiac function and alleviate symptoms. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as milrinone is not typically used for hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, or bradycardia. It is specifically indicated for congestive heart failure for short-term management.
3. What is a condition where a blood clot forms in a vein, often in the legs, which can cause pain and swelling and may lead to serious complications if it travels to the lungs?
- A. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
- B. Pulmonary embolism
- C. Varicose veins
- D. Aneurysm
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the correct answer. It is a condition where a blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs. If the clot breaks loose and travels to the lungs, it can cause a pulmonary embolism. Varicose veins are enlarged, twisted veins that are not typically associated with blood clots. Aneurysm is the abnormal swelling or bulging of a blood vessel.
4. What is a condition where the airways become inflamed and narrow, making breathing difficult?
- A. Asthma
- B. Bronchitis
- C. Pleurisy
- D. Tuberculosis
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Asthma is the correct answer. It is a condition characterized by inflammation, narrowing, and swelling of the airways, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing. Bronchitis is the inflammation of the bronchial tubes; Pleurisy is inflammation of the tissues that line the lungs and chest cavity; Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that mainly affects the lungs.
5. Which of the following is a rare but serious condition where the pulmonary arteries become narrowed, increasing the blood pressure in the lungs?
- A. Pulmonary hypertension
- B. Pulmonary embolism
- C. Pulmonary fibrosis
- D. Aortic stenosis
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary hypertension is a rare but serious condition characterized by high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs, which can lead to heart failure. Pulmonary embolism (choice B) involves a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs. Pulmonary fibrosis (choice C) is a lung disease that causes lung tissue scarring. Aortic stenosis (choice D) is a condition where the aortic valve narrows, affecting blood flow from the heart.
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