ATI RN
ATI Fundamentals Proctored Exam 2024
1. Which of the following blood tests should be performed before a blood transfusion?
- A. Prothrombin and coagulation time
- B. Blood typing and cross-matching
- C. Bleeding and clotting time
- D. Complete blood count (CBC) and electrolyte levels
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Before administering a blood transfusion, it is crucial to perform blood typing and cross-matching to ensure compatibility between the donor's blood and the recipient's blood. This process helps prevent adverse reactions such as transfusion reactions, which can be life-threatening. Prothrombin and coagulation time, bleeding and clotting time, as well as CBC and electrolyte levels are important tests in other clinical contexts, but for blood transfusions, blood typing and cross-matching are essential to ensure patient safety.
2. For abdominal inspection, in which of the following positions should a patient be placed?
- A. Prone
- B. Trendelenburg
- C. Supine
- D. Side-lying
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The supine position is ideal for abdominal inspection as it allows the healthcare provider to easily access and examine the abdomen. In the supine position, the patient lies flat on their back with arms at their sides, providing a clear view and access to the abdominal area for inspection.
3. Which of the following measures is not recommended to prevent pressure ulcers?
- A. Massaging the reddened area with lotion
- B. Using a water or air mattress
- C. Adhering to a schedule for positioning and turning
- D. Providing meticulous skin care
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Massaging a reddened area can cause further tissue damage by increasing pressure on already compromised skin. The other options, such as using specialized mattresses, adhering to repositioning schedules, and maintaining good skin care, are all recommended strategies to prevent pressure ulcers by reducing pressure and friction on vulnerable areas of the skin.
4. Which of the following scenarios represents nursing malpractice?
- A. The nurse administers penicillin to a patient with a documented history of allergy to the drug. The patient experiences an allergic reaction and suffers cerebral damage due to anoxia.
- B. The nurse applies a hot water bottle or a heating pad to the abdomen of a patient with abdominal cramping.
- C. The nurse assists a patient out of bed with the bed locked in position; the patient slips and fractures his right humerus.
- D. The nurse administers the wrong medication to a patient, resulting in vomiting. This error is documented and reported to the physician and the nursing supervisor.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Administering a drug to a patient with a known allergy, leading to severe harm such as an allergic reaction causing cerebral damage due to anoxia, constitutes nursing malpractice. In this scenario, the nurse failed to adhere to the standard of care by administering a medication that the patient was allergic to, resulting in serious harm, which is a clear example of malpractice in nursing.
5. What is the most common injury among elderly persons?
- A. Atherosclerotic changes in the blood vessels
- B. Increased incidence of gallbladder disease
- C. Urinary Tract Infection
- D. Hip fracture
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Hip fracture is the most common injury among elderly persons. As people age, their bones become more fragile, making them more susceptible to hip fractures, often resulting from falls. These fractures can significantly impact an elderly person's quality of life and mobility, making them a significant concern in geriatric care.
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