ATI RN
Human Growth and Development Final Exam
1. Ecological systems theory views the person as __________.
- A. a blossoming flower whose development is a genetically determined series of events that unfold automatically
- B. developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment
- C. a social being influenced primarily by observational learning or adult modeling
- D. a computer-like system that actively codes, transforms, and organizes information
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Ecological systems theory views the person as developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment. This perspective emphasizes the interconnectedness of individuals with their social and physical environment, recognizing that development is influenced by various factors interacting at different levels of the ecological system. Choice A is incorrect because it describes a genetically determined development process, which is not the focus of ecological systems theory. Choice C is incorrect because it highlights observational learning as the primary influence on development, neglecting the broader environmental factors. Choice D is incorrect as it compares the person to a computer system, which does not align with the principles of ecological systems theory.
2. The effects of stress on the developing organism can be greatly reduced if the expectant mother __________.
- A. has access to social support during stressful periods
- B. takes a low dose of anti-anxiety medication
- C. takes a folic acid supplement early in pregnancy
- D. is placed on bed rest during the last trimester
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Having access to social support during stressful periods can greatly reduce the effects of stress on the developing organism. Social support can provide emotional comfort, practical assistance, and a sense of belonging, which can help the expectant mother cope with stress more effectively. This support system can also help mitigate the negative impact of stress on the developing baby during pregnancy. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while folic acid is important for prenatal health, it does not directly address the effects of stress. Taking anti-anxiety medication should be done under medical supervision and as a last resort due to potential risks to the developing baby. Bed rest during the last trimester is not a solution to reduce the effects of stress and may not address the underlying causes of stress.
3. In the eighth month of pregnancy, what typically happens?
- A. fetal growth doubles
- B. neuron production increases
- C. the eyes, ears, nose, jaw, and neck form
- D. lanugo typically is shed
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In the eighth month of pregnancy, lanugo typically is shed. Lanugo is the fine, downy hair that covers a fetus's body to help regulate body temperature while in the womb. By the eighth month, many fetuses shed this hair as they prepare for birth. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because fetal growth doubling, neuron production increasing, and the formation of eyes, ears, nose, jaw, and neck occur in earlier stages of pregnancy, not specifically in the eighth month.
4. One criticism of the information-processing approach is that it __________.
- A. underestimates the individual's contribution to his or her own development
- B. ignores transformation in adulthood, concluding that no major cognitive changes occur after adolescence
- C. underestimates the competencies of infants and preschoolers, focusing on older children and adolescents
- D. is better at analyzing thinking into its components than at putting them back together into a comprehensive theory
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The criticism that the information-processing approach ignores transformation in adulthood, concluding that no major cognitive changes occur after adolescence, suggests a limitation of the theory in not fully acknowledging that cognitive development continues throughout the lifespan. This criticism highlights a potential drawback of the approach in terms of its understanding of cognitive changes beyond adolescence. Choice A is incorrect because the criticism is not about underestimating the individual's contribution. Choice C is also incorrect as the criticism is not related to age-specific competencies. Choice D is incorrect as it focuses on a different aspect of the information-processing approach.
5. Dr. Langley's work is devoted to understanding constancy and change throughout the lifespan. Dr. Langley's field of study is __________.
- A. genetics
- B. clinical psychology
- C. adolescent development
- D. developmental science
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Dr. Langley's work being focused on understanding constancy and change throughout the lifespan aligns with the field of developmental science, which studies how individuals grow and change from birth through old age. This field encompasses the study of physical, cognitive, social, emotional, and other aspects of development across the lifespan. Choice A, genetics, primarily focuses on the study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation, which is not directly related to understanding constancy and change throughout the lifespan. Choice B, clinical psychology, concentrates on the diagnosis and treatment of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders rather than the broader study of development across the lifespan. Choice C, adolescent development, is more specific and limited in scope compared to the comprehensive study of development across the entire lifespan, which is the focus of developmental science.
Similar Questions
Access More Features
ATI RN Basic
$69.99/ 30 days
- 50,000 Questions with answers
- All ATI courses Coverage
- 30 days access @ $69.99
ATI RN Premium
$149.99/ 90 days
- 50,000 Questions with answers
- All ATI courses Coverage
- 30 days access @ $149.99