ATI RN
Human Growth and Development Final Exam Answers
1. Which statement describes a strength of naturalistic observation?
- A. It reflects the participants' everyday lives.
- B. It permits comparisons of participants' responses.
- C. Great depth and breadth of information can be obtained in a short time.
- D. It grants each participant an equal opportunity to display the behavior of interest.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Naturalistic observation reflects the participants' everyday lives because it involves observing individuals in their natural environments without any manipulation. This allows researchers to see how people behave in real-world settings and can provide valuable insights into their typical behavior patterns. Choice B is incorrect because naturalistic observation focuses on observing behavior in its natural setting rather than comparing responses between participants. Choice C is incorrect as naturalistic observation tends to provide rich, qualitative data rather than a large amount of information in a short time. Choice D is incorrect because in naturalistic observation, participants are observed as they naturally behave, which may not always lead to an equal opportunity for all participants to display the behavior of interest.
2. Dr. Redmund characterizes his view of development as a bioecological model. His perspective is aligned with that of which theorist?
- A. Jean Piaget
- B. Urie Bronfenbrenner
- C. Lev Vygotsky
- D. Niko Tinbergen
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Dr. Redmund's view of development aligns with the bioecological model, which is associated with Urie Bronfenbrenner. This model emphasizes the interaction between an individual's biological characteristics and environmental influences in development. Jean Piaget's theory focuses on cognitive development, Lev Vygotsky's theory emphasizes social interactions, and Niko Tinbergen is known for his work in animal behavior and instinct, not human development. Therefore, the correct answer is Urie Bronfenbrenner (Choice B).
3. Men with even tiny amounts of dioxin in their bloodstream father __________.
- A. nearly twice as many girls as boys
- B. nearly three times as many boys as girls
- C. more twins and triplets than unaffected men
- D. fewer children than unaffected men
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Men with even tiny amounts of dioxin in their bloodstream father nearly twice as many girls as boys. This is due to the impact of dioxin exposure on sperm cells, leading to a skewed ratio of female to male offspring. Choice B is incorrect as the question specifically mentions that men father more girls than boys. Choice C is incorrect as dioxin exposure does not necessarily lead to more twins and triplets. Choice D is incorrect as men with dioxin in their bloodstream father more girls, not fewer children overall.
4. Currently, the most widely used potent teratogen is __________.
- A. aspirin
- B. diethylstilbestrol (DES)
- C. thalidomide
- D. isotretinoin
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, isotretinoin. Isotretinoin is a medication commonly used to treat severe acne, but it is a potent teratogen, meaning it can cause severe birth defects if taken during pregnancy. Aspirin (choice A) is not a widely used potent teratogen. Diethylstilbestrol (DES) (choice B) was a known teratogen, but it is not currently widely used. Thalidomide (choice C) was another historical teratogen, but it is also not currently widely used. Therefore, isotretinoin is the most relevant answer as it is a commonly used medication that poses a high risk of birth defects if used during pregnancy.
5. The third stage of labor lasts about __________.
- A. 5 to 10 minutes
- B. 20 to 50 minutes
- C. 4 to 6 hours
- D. 12 to 14 hours
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 5 to 10 minutes. The third stage of labor typically lasts about 5 to 10 minutes. This stage begins after the baby is born and ends when the placenta is delivered. It is the shortest stage of labor compared to the first and second stages. Choice B, 20 to 50 minutes, is incorrect as it is too long for the duration of the third stage. Choice C, 4 to 6 hours, and Choice D, 12 to 14 hours, are also incorrect as they are significantly longer than the actual duration of the third stage of labor.
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