ATI RN
ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam 2023 Test Bank
1. Which vitamin's recommended dietary allowance (RDA) is significantly increased during pregnancy?
- A. Folate
- B. Thiamine (B1)
- C. Riboflavin (B2)
- D. Niacin (B3)
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Folate. During pregnancy, the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for folate is significantly increased to support fetal development and prevent neural tube defects and other congenital anomalies. Folate plays a crucial role in DNA synthesis and cell growth, making it essential for the rapidly dividing cells of the developing fetus. Thiamine (B1), Riboflavin (B2), and Niacin (B3) are important vitamins, but their RDAs do not undergo as significant an increase during pregnancy as folate's RDA does.
2. For patients with anemia, which vitamin is crucial for the absorption of iron?
- A. Vitamin A
- B. Vitamin C
- C. Vitamin D
- D. Vitamin E
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin C. Vitamin C enhances the absorption of non-heme iron, which is crucial for patients with anemia. Vitamin A (Choice A) is not directly involved in iron absorption. Vitamin D (Choice C) helps with calcium absorption, not iron. Vitamin E (Choice D) does not have a significant role in iron absorption.
3. Which metabolic disease is characterized by poor healing, severe forms of periodontal disease, necrosis, xerostomia, and candidiasis?
- A. Hypopituitarism
- B. Diabetes mellitus
- C. Hyperthyroidism
- D. Renal disease
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Diabetes mellitus is the correct answer. It is associated with poor wound healing, severe periodontal disease, tissue necrosis, dry mouth (xerostomia), and an increased susceptibility to oral infections like candidiasis. Hypopituitarism, hyperthyroidism, and renal disease are not typically linked to the specific oral manifestations described in the question.
4. Each statement accurately describes the physical effects of food on periodontal health, except one. Which is the exception?
- A. Supragingival plaque biofilm adhesion is influenced by frequent consumption of monosaccharides
- B. Supragingival plaque biofilm adhesion is influenced by frequent consumption of disaccharides
- C. Poor nutrition has an adverse effect on the periodontium
- D. Chewing soft, spongy foods stimulates salivary flow
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Chewing soft, spongy foods does not stimulate salivary flow; rather, firm, fibrous foods like fruits and vegetables do. Soft foods can stick to teeth, promoting plaque buildup. Choices A, B, and C are accurate: Supragingival plaque biofilm adhesion is influenced by both monosaccharides and disaccharides, while poor nutrition can indeed have adverse effects on the periodontium.
5. Where does most nutrient digestion and absorption occur?
- A. Large intestine
- B. Small intestine
- C. Stomach
- D. Mouth
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The small intestine is the correct answer. It is the primary site for nutrient digestion and absorption in the digestive system. The small intestine plays a crucial role in breaking down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into forms that can be absorbed by the body. While the large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes, the majority of nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestine. The stomach primarily functions in the initial digestion of proteins, and the mouth begins the mechanical breakdown of food through chewing.
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