Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following foods or beverages would offer the most nutrients per calorie?

• A. chicken
• B. wine
• C. white bread
• D. broccoli

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Broccoli is indeed the correct answer. Broccoli is considered nutrient-dense, meaning it provides a significant amount of essential nutrients like vitamins, minerals, and fiber while being relatively low in calories. On the other hand, choices A, B, and C are not as nutrient-dense as broccoli. Chicken can be nutritious but may vary in nutrient content depending on the cut and preparation method. Wine, although containing antioxidants like resveratrol, is not a significant source of essential nutrients. White bread is often low in nutrients and fiber compared to whole grain options, making it less nutrient-dense than broccoli.

2. A client with gastroesophageal reflux disease is being taught by a nurse about managing the illness. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. Limit fluid intake not related to meals.
• B. Chew on mint leaves to relieve indigestion.
• C. Avoid eating within 3 hours of bedtime.
• D. Season foods with black pepper.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct recommendation for managing gastroesophageal reflux disease is to avoid eating within 3 hours of bedtime. This helps prevent acid reflux by allowing food to digest before lying down. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Limiting fluid intake not related to meals is not a standard recommendation for managing GERD. Chewing on mint leaves may worsen symptoms as mint can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, allowing stomach acid to flow back up. Seasoning foods with black pepper does not specifically help manage GERD.

3. Which suggestion is most appropriate to increase calorie intake for a patient with stomach cancer, aiming to prevent weight loss and wasting?

• A. Replace whole fat milk with skim milk or water
• B. Avoid peanut butter and other nuts
• C. Choose high-fat meat instead of lean meat
• D. Limit alcohol intake to two drinks per day

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Choose high-fat meat instead of lean meat. High-fat meats are more calorie-dense than lean meats, which makes them a good choice for increasing calorie intake. This is crucial for patients with stomach cancer who want to avoid weight loss and wasting. Choice A is incorrect because skim milk or water contains fewer calories than whole fat milk. Choice B is also incorrect because peanut butter and nuts are high in calories and therefore should not be avoided when trying to increase calorie intake. Finally, choice D is not a good suggestion to increase calorie intake as alcohol does not provide the necessary nutrients needed for a balanced diet. In fact, excessive alcohol can harm the liver and other organs, and it's not a reliable source of calories.

4. During the acute phase of a burn, the priority nursing intervention in caring for this client is:

• A. Prevention of infection
• B. Pain management
• C. Prevention of bleeding
• D. Fluid resuscitation

Correct answer: D

Rationale: During the acute phase of a burn, fluid resuscitation is the priority nursing intervention. This phase is characterized by fluid loss and the risk of hypovolemic shock. Administering fluids is crucial to maintain perfusion and prevent complications such as organ failure. While prevention of infection, pain management, and prevention of bleeding are important aspects of burn care, fluid resuscitation takes precedence in the acute phase to stabilize the client's condition and prevent further damage.

5. Nutritional goals for a patient wishing to modify eating patterns should adhere to each, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. Measurable
• B. Immediate
• C. Realistic
• D. Achievable

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nutritional goals should be measurable, realistic, and achievable. They should not be immediate, as sustainable changes take time.

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