ATI RN
ATI Nursing Care of Children 2019 B
1. Which immunization is typically administered at birth?
- A. Hepatitis B
- B. DTaP
- C. MMR
- D. Varicella
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Hepatitis B. The Hepatitis B vaccine is usually given at birth to protect against hepatitis B, a virus that can lead to chronic liver disease and liver cancer. This vaccination is crucial for newborns, especially those born to mothers who are carriers of hepatitis B. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because DTaP (B), MMR (C), and Varicella (D) vaccines are not typically administered at birth. DTaP is given in a series starting at 2 months, MMR is usually given around 12-15 months, and Varicella is given between 12-15 months of age.
2. What is often the initial sign of acute rheumatic fever in children?
- A. Polyarthritis
- B. Carditis
- C. Erythema marginatum
- D. Sydenham chorea
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Polyarthritis is indeed frequently the initial sign of acute rheumatic fever in children. It presents as joint pain, swelling, and redness. Carditis (inflammation of the heart), Erythema marginatum (a skin rash), and Sydenham chorea (involuntary muscle movements) are typically seen in the later stages of acute rheumatic fever and not as the initial sign.
3. What is the best initial intervention for a child experiencing moderate dehydration?
- A. Administer IV fluids
- B. Encourage oral rehydration
- C. Monitor vital signs
- D. Provide clear fluids
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Encourage oral rehydration. Oral rehydration is the first-line treatment for moderate dehydration in children. It helps restore fluid balance and electrolyte levels. Administering IV fluids (Choice A) is usually reserved for severe cases of dehydration where oral rehydration is not feasible or ineffective. Monitoring vital signs (Choice C) is important but should not replace the immediate need for rehydration. Providing clear fluids (Choice D) may not contain the necessary electrolytes required for effective rehydration.
4. The nurse is teaching parents of a child with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) disease about foods that can exacerbate acid reflux. What foods should be included in the teaching session?
- A. Citrus
- B. All of the above
- C. Spicy foods
- D. Peppermint
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: All of the above. Citrus, spicy foods, and peppermint are known to exacerbate GER symptoms by increasing acid production or relaxing the lower esophageal sphincter. Therefore, these foods should be avoided by a child with GER disease. Bananas, on the other hand, are generally safe and do not contribute to acid reflux. Choice B is correct because all the mentioned foods can worsen GER symptoms, while bananas are considered safe.
5. What is the most common cause of acute kidney injury in children?
- A. Dehydration
- B. Glomerulonephritis
- C. Hemolytic uremic syndrome
- D. Sepsis
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Hemolytic uremic syndrome is the most common cause of acute kidney injury in children. While dehydration can lead to prerenal acute kidney injury, it is not the most common cause in children. Glomerulonephritis is a common cause of chronic kidney disease but not typically the most common cause of acute kidney injury in children. Sepsis can lead to acute kidney injury, but in children, hemolytic uremic syndrome is more prevalent.
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