ATI RN
ATI Nursing Care of Children 2019 B
1. Which of the following is a characteristic finding in Kawasaki disease?
- A. Strawberry tongue
- B. Polyarthritis
- C. Hematuria
- D. Rashes
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A 'strawberry tongue' is a characteristic finding in Kawasaki disease. The presence of a 'strawberry tongue' is a classic sign of Kawasaki disease, along with other features such as conjunctivitis and rash. Choice B, polyarthritis, is not typically seen in Kawasaki disease. Choice C, hematuria, is not a common finding in Kawasaki disease but may be seen in other conditions. Choice D, rashes, are present in Kawasaki disease but are not as specific or characteristic as the 'strawberry tongue'. Therefore, the correct answer is A.
2. What is the most effective way to prevent sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?
- A. Use a firm mattress
- B. Place the baby on their back to sleep
- C. Keep the room warm
- D. Breastfeed exclusively
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to place the baby on their back to sleep. This position is the most effective way to prevent sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) according to research and recommendations from healthcare providers. Choice A, using a firm mattress, is important for infant safety but not as directly related to preventing SIDS. Keeping the room warm, as mentioned in choice C, is not recommended as it may increase the risk of SIDS. While breastfeeding has many benefits, choice D, breastfeeding exclusively is not the most effective method for preventing SIDS.
3. What is the best initial intervention for a child experiencing moderate dehydration?
- A. Administer IV fluids
- B. Encourage oral rehydration
- C. Monitor vital signs
- D. Provide clear fluids
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Encourage oral rehydration. Oral rehydration is the first-line treatment for moderate dehydration in children. It helps restore fluid balance and electrolyte levels. Administering IV fluids (Choice A) is usually reserved for severe cases of dehydration where oral rehydration is not feasible or ineffective. Monitoring vital signs (Choice C) is important but should not replace the immediate need for rehydration. Providing clear fluids (Choice D) may not contain the necessary electrolytes required for effective rehydration.
4. Which of the following conditions is characterized by a 'machine-like' murmur in children?
- A. Patent ductus arteriosus
- B. Ventricular septal defect
- C. Atrial septal defect
- D. Coarctation of the aorta
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Patent ductus arteriosus. This condition is characterized by a continuous 'machine-like' murmur due to abnormal blood flow between the aorta and pulmonary artery. Ventricular septal defect (choice B) is characterized by a harsh holosystolic murmur, atrial septal defect (choice C) typically presents with a fixed split S2 and a pulmonary flow murmur, and coarctation of the aorta (choice D) is associated with a systolic murmur in the back and bilateral lower extremities.
5. What is a key distinguishing feature of bronchiolitis in infants?
- A. Dry cough
- B. Wheezing
- C. Stridor
- D. Productive cough
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Wheezing. Wheezing is a key distinguishing feature of bronchiolitis in infants, typically caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Bronchiolitis is characterized by inflammation and mucus buildup in the small airways of the lungs, leading to wheezing sounds during breathing. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because dry cough, stridor, and productive cough are not typical features of bronchiolitis in infants.
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