ATI RN
ATI Nursing Care of Children 2019 B
1. What component should be included in the nutritional management of a child with Crohn's disease?
- A. High fiber
- B. Increased protein
- C. Reduced calories
- D. Herbal supplements
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increased protein. Children with Crohn's disease require a diet high in protein to support growth and tissue repair. High fiber should be avoided as it can exacerbate symptoms of Crohn's disease. Reducing calories can lead to malnutrition, which is detrimental in this condition. Herbal supplements should be used cautiously and only under medical advice as they may interact with medications or worsen symptoms.
2. What is the typical presentation of pyloric stenosis in infants?
- A. Bilious vomiting
- B. Projectile vomiting
- C. Blood in stools
- D. Failure to thrive
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Projectile vomiting. Pyloric stenosis in infants typically presents with projectile vomiting, which is forceful and projective in nature. This occurs due to the obstruction at the pylorus, leading to the stomach being unable to empty properly. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Bilious vomiting is more commonly associated with intestinal obstruction, blood in stools can occur in conditions such as necrotizing enterocolitis or allergic colitis, and failure to thrive is a nonspecific finding that can be seen in various pediatric conditions.
3. A child with acute gastrointestinal bleeding is admitted to the hospital. The nurse observes which sign or symptom as an early manifestation of shock?
- A. Restlessness
- B. Rapid capillary refill
- C. Increased temperature
- D. Increased blood pressure
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Restlessness is an early sign of shock due to decreased perfusion and oxygenation to the brain. This symptom requires immediate attention to prevent the progression to more severe stages of shock. Rapid capillary refill (Choice B) is not typically an early sign of shock but rather a sign of adequate perfusion. Increased temperature (Choice C) may occur in later stages of shock due to the body's response to stress. Increased blood pressure (Choice D) is not an early sign of shock; in fact, blood pressure tends to decrease in shock as a compensatory mechanism.
4. What should preoperative care of a newborn with an anorectal malformation include?
- A. Frequent suctioning
- B. Gastrointestinal decompression
- C. Feedings with sterile water only
- D. Supine position with head elevated
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Preoperative care for a newborn with an anorectal malformation should include feedings with sterile water only. This approach is important to avoid complications before surgery. Gastrointestinal decompression is necessary to prevent abdominal distention and potential aspiration, making choice B incorrect. Frequent suctioning and placing the newborn in a supine position with the head elevated are not typically part of the preoperative care protocol for an anorectal malformation, thus choices A and D are incorrect.
5. What is the priority nursing intervention for a child with epiglottitis?
- A. Administer antibiotics
- B. Maintain airway patency
- C. Provide hydration
- D. Monitor vital signs
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Maintain airway patency. When dealing with a child with epiglottitis, the priority nursing intervention is to ensure airway patency to prevent airway obstruction, which can lead to respiratory distress or failure. Administering antibiotics (choice A) is important to treat the infection, but airway management takes precedence. Providing hydration (choice C) and monitoring vital signs (choice D) are essential aspects of care but are secondary to securing the airway in a child with epiglottitis.
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