ATI RN
ATI Nursing Care of Children 2019 B
1. The nurse is preparing to admit a 6-year-old child with celiac disease. What clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe?
- A. Steatorrhea
- B. All are correct
- C. Malnutrition
- D. Foul-smelling stools
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Celiac disease often presents with steatorrhea, malnutrition, and foul-smelling stools due to the malabsorption of nutrients. Therefore, all the manifestations listed (steatorrhea, malnutrition, foul-smelling stools) are expected in a child with celiac disease. Polycythemia is not associated with celiac disease, making choice B the correct answer.
2. Melena, the passage of black, tarry stools, suggests bleeding from which source?
- A. The perianal or rectal area
- B. The upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract
- C. The lower GI tract
- D. Hemorrhoids or anal fissures
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Melena indicates bleeding from the upper GI tract. The black, tarry appearance of the stool results from the partial digestion of blood as it passes through the intestines, typically originating from sources like the stomach or duodenum. Lower GI bleeding usually presents as bright red blood in the stool, originating from sources like the colon or rectum. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because melena specifically points to upper GI bleeding rather than issues in the perianal/rectal area, lower GI tract, or hemorrhoids/anal fissures.
3. Which immunization is recommended for all newborns?
- A. Hepatitis A vaccine
- B. Hepatitis B vaccine
- C. Hepatitis C vaccine
- D. Hepatitis A, B, and C vaccines
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, the Hepatitis B vaccine. This vaccine is recommended for all newborns to prevent Hepatitis B infection, which can lead to chronic liver disease and liver cancer. The Hepatitis B vaccine is a crucial part of the routine immunization schedule for infants. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the recommended vaccine for newborns is specifically Hepatitis B, not Hepatitis A, Hepatitis C, or a combination of Hepatitis A, B, and C vaccines.
4. What is the primary treatment goal for a child with nephrotic syndrome?
- A. Reduce proteinuria
- B. Lower blood pressure
- C. Increase urine output
- D. Prevent infections
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Reduce proteinuria. In nephrotic syndrome, the primary treatment goal is to reduce proteinuria to prevent further kidney damage. Lowering blood pressure (choice B) is important in managing some types of kidney disease but is not the primary treatment goal in nephrotic syndrome. Increasing urine output (choice C) and preventing infections (choice D) are important aspects of supportive care but are not the primary treatment goal for nephrotic syndrome.
5. Which reflex is expected to disappear by 4 months of age?
- A. Rooting reflex
- B. Moro reflex
- C. Babinski reflex
- D. Palmar grasp
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The Moro reflex, also known as the startle reflex, typically disappears by 4 months as the infant's nervous system matures. This reflex is important for assessing the development of the nervous system in newborns. The Rooting reflex (Choice A) is related to turning the head in response to cheek stimulation; the Babinski reflex (Choice C) involves the fanning of toes in response to foot stimulation; and the Palmar grasp (Choice D) is the curling of the fingers around an object placed in the infant's hand. These reflexes have different timelines for disappearance and are not typically expected to be gone by 4 months of age.
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