ATI RN
ATI Nursing Care of Children 2019 B
1. What is the best indicator of fluid balance in a pediatric patient?
- A. Blood pressure
- B. Heart rate
- C. Weight
- D. Urine output
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Weight is the most accurate indicator of fluid balance in pediatric patients. Changes in weight reflect shifts in body fluid levels more directly compared to other parameters. Blood pressure and heart rate may be affected by various factors other than fluid balance. While urine output is important in assessing renal function, it may not provide a comprehensive picture of overall fluid balance in pediatric patients.
2. Which immunization is recommended for all newborns?
- A. Hepatitis A vaccine
- B. Hepatitis B vaccine
- C. Hepatitis C vaccine
- D. Hepatitis A, B, and C vaccines
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, the Hepatitis B vaccine. This vaccine is recommended for all newborns to prevent Hepatitis B infection, which can lead to chronic liver disease and liver cancer. The Hepatitis B vaccine is a crucial part of the routine immunization schedule for infants. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the recommended vaccine for newborns is specifically Hepatitis B, not Hepatitis A, Hepatitis C, or a combination of Hepatitis A, B, and C vaccines.
3. What is the most common complication following surgical correction of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula in infants?
- A. Gastroesophageal reflux
- B. Respiratory distress
- C. Stricture formation
- D. Aspiration pneumonia
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The most common complication following surgical correction of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula in infants is stricture formation. This complication occurs due to the healing process after surgery, leading to the narrowing of the esophagus. Gastroesophageal reflux (Choice A) can be a concern but is not the most common complication. Respiratory distress (Choice B) may happen but is not the primary complication. Aspiration pneumonia (Choice D) is a risk but is typically not as common as stricture formation in these cases.
4. What is the best initial intervention for a child experiencing moderate dehydration?
- A. Administer IV fluids
- B. Encourage oral rehydration
- C. Monitor vital signs
- D. Provide clear fluids
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Encourage oral rehydration. Oral rehydration is the first-line treatment for moderate dehydration in children. It helps restore fluid balance and electrolyte levels. Administering IV fluids (Choice A) is usually reserved for severe cases of dehydration where oral rehydration is not feasible or ineffective. Monitoring vital signs (Choice C) is important but should not replace the immediate need for rehydration. Providing clear fluids (Choice D) may not contain the necessary electrolytes required for effective rehydration.
5. The school nurse is teaching a group of adolescents about avoiding contaminated water during a mission trip. What should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Ice
- B. All are applicable
- C. Raw vegetables
- D. Unpeeled fruits
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: All are applicable. Ice, raw vegetables, and unpeeled fruits can be sources of contamination in areas where water purity is questionable. It's safer to avoid these during a mission trip to prevent waterborne illnesses. Choice A (Ice), C (Raw vegetables), and D (Unpeeled fruits) are all potential sources of contamination in areas with questionable water quality. Including all these items in the teaching will help adolescents make informed decisions to stay healthy during their mission trip.
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