ATI RN
ATI Nursing Care of Children 2019 B
1. What should the healthcare provider consider when providing support to a family whose infant has just been diagnosed with biliary atresia?
- A. The prognosis for full recovery is excellent.
- B. Death usually occurs by 6 months of age.
- C. Liver transplantation may be needed eventually.
- D. Children with surgical correction live normal lives.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When supporting a family whose infant has been diagnosed with biliary atresia, it is important to consider that liver transplantation may be needed eventually. Biliary atresia is a serious condition where bile flow from the liver to the gallbladder is blocked or absent. While surgical interventions like the Kasai procedure can temporarily improve bile flow and delay the need for transplantation, the long-term survival often depends on liver transplantation as the child grows older. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the prognosis for full recovery is not excellent as biliary atresia is a chronic condition that often requires ongoing medical management, death usually does not occur by 6 months of age but the condition does require intervention, and not all children with surgical correction can live normal lives without the need for further interventions like transplantation.
2. What intervention is contraindicated in a suspected case of appendicitis?
- A. Enemas
- B. Palpating the abdomen
- C. Administration of antibiotics
- D. Administration of antipyretics for fever
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Enemas are contraindicated in cases of suspected appendicitis because they can increase the risk of perforation. The pressure from the enema can exacerbate inflammation and potentially lead to the rupture of the appendix. Palpating the abdomen gently is essential for diagnosing appendicitis, as it helps identify the characteristic signs like rebound tenderness. Antibiotics are commonly used to treat the infection associated with appendicitis, and antipyretics are administered to manage fever, which is a common symptom of the condition. Therefore, enemas are the intervention to avoid in suspected appendicitis cases.
3. The nurse is preparing to care for a newborn with an omphalocele. The nurse should understand that care of the infant should include what intervention?
- A. Initiating breast or bottle-feedings to stabilize the blood glucose level
- B. Maintaining pain management with an intravenous opioid
- C. Covering the intact bowel with a nonadherent dressing to prevent injury
- D. Performing immediate surgery
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The priority intervention for an infant with an omphalocele is to cover the intact bowel with a nonadherent dressing to protect the exposed organs and prevent infection. This intervention is crucial to prevent injury and maintain the infant's safety. Initiating feedings or maintaining pain management are not the immediate priorities in the care of an infant with an omphalocele. Performing immediate surgery may be required in the future, but initially, covering the bowel is the first critical step in management.
4. What is the most effective way to prevent the spread of hand, foot, and mouth disease in a daycare setting?
- A. Handwashing
- B. Isolating sick children
- C. Disinfecting toys
- D. Encouraging vaccination
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Handwashing is indeed the most effective way to prevent the spread of hand, foot, and mouth disease in children. Proper hand hygiene helps in removing and killing germs that can cause infections. While isolating sick children and disinfecting toys are important measures to prevent the spread of diseases, they are not as effective as handwashing. Encouraging vaccination, in this case, is not relevant since there is no specific vaccine available for hand, foot, and mouth disease.
5. What is the first step in treating a child with suspected anaphylaxis?
- A. Administer oxygen
- B. Start an IV line
- C. Give epinephrine
- D. Monitor vital signs
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Give epinephrine. Administering epinephrine is the first and most critical step in treating anaphylaxis. Epinephrine rapidly reverses the symptoms of anaphylaxis, including airway swelling, hypotension, and shock. Delaying administration can lead to severe complications or death, making it essential in emergency treatment. Choice A, administering oxygen, might be necessary but should not delay the administration of epinephrine. Starting an IV line (Choice B) is important for further treatment but not the initial step. Monitoring vital signs (Choice D) is essential but comes after administering epinephrine to stabilize the child.
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