ATI RN
ATI Nursing Care of Children 2019 B
1. Which pediatric condition is most likely to present with a "whooping" sound during coughing?
- A. Croup
- B. Bronchitis
- C. Pertussis
- D. Asthma
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pertussis. Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is characterized by a "whooping" sound during coughing episodes. This distinctive sound is due to the rapid intake of air after a series of coughs. Choice A, Croup, typically presents with a barking cough and stridor. Choice B, Bronchitis, is characterized by a productive cough with mucus. Choice D, Asthma, usually presents with wheezing and shortness of breath.
2. The parents of a child with acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis (APIGN) ask how they will know that the condition is improving. How should the nurse respond?
- A. Your child’s urine output will increase, and the urine will become less brown in color.
- B. Your child will rest more comfortably.
- C. Your child’s appetite will decrease.
- D. Your child’s laboratory test values will show increased BUN.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Improvement in APIGN is indicated by an increase in urine output and a change in urine color from brown (due to hematuria) to a more normal appearance. This reflects a reduction in glomerular inflammation and improved kidney function. Choice B is incorrect because resting more comfortably is not a direct indicator of kidney function improvement. Choice C is incorrect because a decrease in appetite is not typically associated with improvement in APIGN. Choice D is incorrect because an increased BUN value would suggest worsening kidney function rather than improvement.
3. What is an appropriate play activity for a 7-month-old infant to encourage visual stimulation?
- A. Playing peek-a-boo
- B. Playing pat-a-cake
- C. Imitating animal sounds
- D. Showing how to clap hands
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Playing peek-a-boo is an ideal play activity for a 7-month-old as it encourages visual tracking and social interaction, which are key developmental milestones at this age.
4. Which clinical manifestations should the nurse expect in a child diagnosed with nephroblastoma?
- A. Atrial fibrillation
- B. Endocarditis
- C. Hyperlipidemia
- D. Hypertension
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hypertension. Nephroblastoma, also known as Wilms' tumor, often causes hypertension due to its impact on the kidney, which plays a role in regulating blood pressure. Atrial fibrillation (choice A) and endocarditis (choice B) are not typically associated with nephroblastoma. Hyperlipidemia (choice C) is also not a common clinical manifestation of nephroblastoma.
5. The nurse is teaching the family of a child with a long-term central venous access device about signs and symptoms of bacteremia. What finding indicates the presence of bacteremia?
- A. Hypertension
- B. Pain at the entry site
- C. Fever and general malaise
- D. Redness and swelling at the entry site
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Fever and general malaise are systemic signs of bacteremia, indicating that the infection may have spread beyond the local entry site. Localized pain, redness, and swelling are signs of a localized infection but do not necessarily indicate bacteremia.
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