ATI RN
ATI Medical Surgical Proctored Exam 2023
1. A nurse is interested in providing community education and screening on hypertension. In order to reach a priority population, to what target audience should the nurse provide this service?
- A. African American churches
- B. Asian American groceries
- C. High school sports camps
- D. Women's health clinics
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is African American churches. African Americans in the United States have one of the highest rates of hypertension globally. By providing services at African American churches, the nurse can effectively reach this priority population. While hypertension education and screening are essential for all groups, African Americans are the priority population for this intervention due to their disproportionately high rates of hypertension.
2. A client learns about pursed-lip breathing. Which statement by the client indicates teaching has been effective?
- A. I will breathe in quickly through my mouth and out through my nose.
- B. I will breathe in slowly through my nose and out through pursed lips.
- C. I will hold my breath for 10 seconds before exhaling.
- D. I will breathe in and out through pursed lips.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct technique for pursed-lip breathing involves inhaling slowly through the nose and exhaling slowly through pursed lips. This technique helps improve expiration and reduce air trapping. Breathing in quickly, holding the breath, or breathing in and out through pursed lips does not align with the correct method of pursed-lip breathing.
3. A client has an oxygen saturation of 88% on room air. Which action should the nurse take first?
- A. Initiate oxygen therapy at 2 liters per minute via nasal cannula.
- B. Place the client in a high-Fowler's position.
- C. Notify the healthcare provider.
- D. Document the finding in the client's medical record.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The priority action for a client with an oxygen saturation of 88% on room air is to initiate oxygen therapy to improve oxygen saturation levels. Oxygen therapy is crucial to address hypoxemia promptly. Placing the client in a high-Fowler's position can also aid in oxygenation, but administering oxygen takes precedence. While notifying the healthcare provider is important, it is a secondary action after ensuring the client's immediate need for oxygen is met. Documenting the finding in the client's medical record is necessary for continuity of care but is not the primary intervention when addressing hypoxemia.
4. A client had a bronchoscopy 2 hours ago and asks for a drink of water. Which action should the nurse take next?
- A. Call the healthcare provider to request a prescription for food and water.
- B. Provide the client with ice chips instead of a drink of water.
- C. Assess the client's gag reflex before giving any food or water.
- D. Let the client have a small sip to assess swallowing ability.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: After a bronchoscopy, a topical anesthetic affects the gag reflex. Therefore, the nurse should assess the client's gag reflex before providing any food or water to ensure its return. This assessment is crucial to prevent aspiration or choking risk in the client.
5. A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) appears thin and disheveled. Which question should the nurse ask first?
- A. Do you have a strong support system?
- B. What do you understand about your disease?
- C. Do you experience shortness of breath with basic activities?
- D. What medications are you prescribed to take each day?
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In clients with severe COPD, shortness of breath can significantly impact their ability to perform basic activities like bathing and eating. Therefore, the nurse's priority should be to assess if shortness of breath is interfering with the client's basic activities, which can provide crucial information for planning and managing care.
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