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1. Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between ethical principles and laws?
- A. The government enforces ethics.
- B. Laws guide decision making by setting standards.
- C. Ethics are highly detailed.
- D. Ethical principles can serve as the foundation for laws.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The statement 'Ethical principles can serve as the foundation for laws' is correct. Ethical principles act as a standard for evaluating actions and behaviors. While ethical principles may influence the creation of laws, they are not laws themselves. Choice A is incorrect as ethics are usually upheld through societal norms and personal values rather than government enforcement. Choice B is incorrect because laws do provide standards, but those standards are legal rather than ethical. Choice C is incorrect as ethics are broad guidelines for behavior, not highly detailed rules.
2. The nurse manager can use several strategies to improve communication when giving directions. Asking the subordinate to repeat the instructions would be which of the following strategies?
- A. Verifying through feedback
- B. Follow-up communication
- C. Getting positive attention
- D. Knowing the context of the instruction
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Asking the subordinate to repeat the instructions is a strategy known as verifying through feedback. This approach ensures that the receiver has understood the request correctly. Choice B, 'Follow-up communication,' refers to checking in after the initial communication, not necessarily asking for repetition. Choice C, 'Getting positive attention,' is unrelated to confirming understanding. Choice D, 'Knowing the context of the instruction,' deals with understanding the background or reasons behind the instructions, not confirming comprehension.
3. The staff nurse is caring for the client with total accountability and is in continual communication with the client, the family, the physicians, and other members of the health care team. This type of nursing delivery system is known as:
- A. Total patient care
- B. Qualified nurse case managers
- C. Established critical pathways
- D. Quality management system
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Total patient care. Total patient care is the original model of nursing care delivery, in which one RN has complete responsibility for all aspects of care for one or more patients. In this system, the nurse is accountable for the client's care and maintains continuous communication with the client, their family, physicians, and other healthcare team members. Choice B, Qualified nurse case managers, refers to nurses who coordinate care but do not provide direct hands-on patient care. Choice C, Established critical pathways, involves predefined care plans for specific conditions but does not imply direct accountability as in total patient care. Choice D, Quality management system, relates to processes to ensure and enhance the quality of care but is not specifically about the direct provision of patient care.
4. A nurse is talking with the partner of a client who has dementia. The client's partner expresses frustration about finding time to manage household responsibilities while caring for their partner. The nurse should identify that the partner is experiencing which of the following types of role-performance stress?
- A. Role ambiguity
- B. Role overload
- C. Role conflict
- D. Sick role
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In this scenario, the partner is struggling to balance caring for their loved one with dementia and managing household responsibilities. This situation represents role conflict, where conflicting demands from different roles (caregiver and homemaker) create stress. Role ambiguity (choice A) refers to uncertainty about what is expected in a role, not conflicting demands. Role overload (choice B) occurs when there are too many responsibilities within a single role, not conflicting roles. The sick role (choice D) is a sociological concept related to the rights and responsibilities of individuals who are ill.
5. Which of the following is a key component of a successful quality improvement (QI) project?
- A. Standardized care protocols
- B. Employee satisfaction
- C. Ongoing training and education
- D. Financial incentives
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Ongoing training and education is the correct answer as it is an essential component of a successful quality improvement project. Continuous training and education help ensure that staff are knowledgeable about and up-to-date with the latest practices, technologies, and methodologies in healthcare. This ongoing learning process contributes to improving the quality of care provided.\nChoice A, standardized care protocols, though important, is more about ensuring consistency in care delivery rather than driving quality improvement initiatives. Choice B, employee satisfaction, while significant for staff morale, is not directly related to the core processes of quality improvement projects. Choice D, financial incentives, although motivating, are not the primary driver for successful quality improvement projects; it is the knowledge and skills gained through training and education that play a more critical role in enhancing quality.
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