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1. The ANA recommends that nursing in the health care organization change its focus. This requires a shift from a technical model to which of the following?
- A. Professional
- B. Industrial
- C. Random
- D. Organized
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Professional. The American Nurses Association (ANA) recommends shifting the focus in healthcare organizations from a technical model to a professional model. This change emphasizes the level of nurse competence required to provide quality care. Choice B, Industrial, is incorrect as it does not align with the focus on professionalism in nursing. Choice C, Random, is unrelated to the context of the question. Choice D, Organized, while a positive attribute, is not the specific focus recommended by the ANA for nursing in healthcare organizations.
2. Professionalism has historically been difficult to define. Early definitions of professionalism included which of the following characteristics?
- A. Expertise
- B. Empathy
- C. Ethical and moral values
- D. Honesty
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Expertise.' Historically, professionalism was defined by one's knowledge and expertise in a particular field. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because early definitions of professionalism did not focus on qualities like empathy, ethical and moral values, or honesty, but rather on the individual's level of skill and competence in their area of work.
3. A nurse has a seriously ill parent and must take care of the parent at home. Which of the following would NOT be a suitable solution to this problem? (EXCEPT)
- A. Resignation
- B. FMLA
- C. Termination
- D. LOA
Correct answer: C
Rationale: FMLA (Family and Medical Leave Act) provides up to 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave to care for a seriously ill family member, securing the employee's job status. Termination and resignation involve ending employment, which is not a suitable solution as it does not provide job security. LOA (Leave of Absence) is often unpaid and does not guarantee job protection, making it less suitable than FMLA in this scenario.
4. What is the primary goal of discharge planning?
- A. Reducing readmission rates
- B. Improving patient outcomes
- C. Ensuring continuity of care
- D. Ensuring medication adherence
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The primary goal of discharge planning is to ensure continuity of care for patients transitioning from one level of care to another. While reducing readmission rates and improving patient outcomes are important aspects of discharge planning, the main focus is on coordinating care to prevent gaps and ensure a seamless transition for the patient. Ensuring medication adherence is also crucial but falls under the broader goal of continuity of care.
5. Which type of HMO contracts with two or more IPAs (Independent Practice Associations)?
- A. Staff model
- B. Point of service model
- C. Network model
- D. Group model
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Network model. A network model of HMOs contracts with two or more IPAs. In a network model, the HMO contracts with multiple IPAs to provide healthcare services to its members, offering a wider range of choices and flexibility in selecting healthcare providers. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the staff model involves employing physicians and healthcare providers directly, the point of service model allows members to seek care both in-network and out-of-network, and the group model is not specifically associated with contracting IPAs.
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