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1. What is the primary goal of evidence-based practice (EBP)?
- A. Reduce healthcare costs
- B. Improve patient outcomes
- C. Enhance clinical decision making
- D. Ensure patient safety
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The primary goal of evidence-based practice (EBP) is to enhance clinical decision making by integrating the best available evidence with clinical expertise and patient values. While improving patient outcomes is a significant result of EBP, the ultimate aim is to ensure that healthcare decisions are based on the most current, relevant, and reliable evidence. While reducing healthcare costs and ensuring patient safety are important in healthcare, they are not the primary goals of evidence-based practice.
2. Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between ethical principles and laws?
- A. The government enforces ethics.
- B. Laws guide decision making by setting standards.
- C. Ethics are highly detailed.
- D. Ethical principles can serve as the foundation for laws.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The statement 'Ethical principles can serve as the foundation for laws' is correct. Ethical principles act as a standard for evaluating actions and behaviors. While ethical principles may influence the creation of laws, they are not laws themselves. Choice A is incorrect as ethics are usually upheld through societal norms and personal values rather than government enforcement. Choice B is incorrect because laws do provide standards, but those standards are legal rather than ethical. Choice C is incorrect as ethics are broad guidelines for behavior, not highly detailed rules.
3. Which nursing action can the nurse delegate to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) working in the diabetic clinic?
- A. Measure the ankle-brachial index.
- B. Check for changes in skin pigmentation.
- C. Assess for unilateral or bilateral foot drop.
- D. Ask the patient about symptoms of depression.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Measure the ankle-brachial index. This task involves using a Doppler ultrasound device to assess blood flow, which can be safely delegated to UAP. Choices B, C, and D require a higher level of assessment and interpretation that should be performed by licensed nursing staff. Checking for changes in skin pigmentation (B) and assessing for foot drop (C) involve more complex assessments that require nursing judgment. Asking about symptoms of depression (D) involves a psychosocial assessment, which should be performed by licensed personnel qualified to address mental health concerns.
4. The nurse manager can use several strategies to improve communication when giving directions. Asking the subordinate to repeat the instructions would be which of the following strategies?
- A. Verifying through feedback
- B. Follow-up communication
- C. Getting positive attention
- D. Knowing the context of the instruction
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Asking the subordinate to repeat the instructions is a strategy known as verifying through feedback. This approach ensures that the receiver has understood the request correctly. Choice B, 'Follow-up communication,' refers to checking in after the initial communication, not necessarily asking for repetition. Choice C, 'Getting positive attention,' is unrelated to confirming understanding. Choice D, 'Knowing the context of the instruction,' deals with understanding the background or reasons behind the instructions, not confirming comprehension.
5. A nurse is assessing a client's readiness to learn about insulin self-administration. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client is ready to learn?
- A. "I can concentrate best in the morning."
- B. "It is difficult to read the instructions because my glasses are at home."
- C. "I'm wondering why I need to learn this."
- D. "You will have to talk to my partner about this."
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, "You will have to talk to my partner about this." This response indicates that the client is willing to involve their partner in the learning process, showing readiness to take responsibility and engage in the education. Choices A, B, and C demonstrate potential barriers to learning: A indicates a preference for learning time but does not show active involvement, B focuses on external factors hindering learning, and C reflects a lack of understanding or motivation for the learning.
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