ATI RN
ATI Pediatric Proctored Exam
1. Which of the following is a key feature of the diagnosis of ASD according to the DSM V?
- A. Unusual responses to sensory input
- B. Social isolation
- C. Repetitive behaviors
- D. Delayed motor development
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In the DSM V, one of the key diagnostic criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is unusual responses to sensory input. These atypical responses can include hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity to sensory stimuli, such as sound, touch, taste, or smell. These sensory processing differences are important in the diagnosis of ASD because they can significantly impact an individual's daily functioning and behavior. Social isolation and repetitive behaviors are associated features of ASD but are not the key diagnostic criteria according to the DSM V. Delayed motor development may be observed in some individuals with ASD, but it is not a key feature used for diagnosis in the DSM V.
2. What is it called when the therapist adjusts the difficulty level of an activity to match the child's abilities by bringing a toy closer for them to successfully reach and grasp during therapy?
- A. Compensating
- B. Adapting
- C. Grading
- D. Modifying
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Grading. Grading involves adjusting the difficulty level of an activity to match the child's abilities. Bringing a toy closer for easier reach is an example of grading in therapy, helping the child succeed in reaching and grasping the toy within their current capabilities. Choice A, Compensating, implies making up for a deficit, which is not the case here. Choice B, Adapting, suggests changing the activity itself, not just the difficulty level. Choice D, Modifying, indicates altering the toy or the task itself, rather than adjusting the task's difficulty level.
3. A healthcare professional is assessing an infant who has heart failure. Which of the following findings should the healthcare professional expect?
- A. Weight gain
- B. Bounding pulses
- C. Hyperactivity
- D. Increased urine output
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In infants with heart failure, one of the key manifestations is weight gain due to fluid retention. The heart's inability to pump effectively can lead to fluid buildup in the body, causing weight gain. Bounding pulses, hyperactivity, and increased urine output are not typically associated with heart failure in infants. Bounding pulses are associated with conditions like aortic regurgitation, hyperactivity can be a sign of other issues, and increased urine output is not a common finding in heart failure.
4. Which statement made by a parent of a child with nephrotic syndrome indicates an understanding of discharge teaching?
- A. I will make sure he gets his measles vaccine as soon as he gets home.
- B. He can stop taking his medication next week.
- C. I should check his urine for protein when he goes to the bathroom.
- D. He should eat a low-protein diet for the next few weeks.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In nephrotic syndrome, monitoring urine for protein is essential as it helps track the child's condition. Checking urine for protein should be done as part of the discharge teaching to keep a record of the child's urinary proteins and to monitor the effectiveness of the treatment plan. It is crucial for parents to understand this aspect of care to ensure proper management of the child's condition. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because getting a measles vaccine, stopping medication prematurely, and following a low-protein diet are not directly related to monitoring the child's condition and managing nephrotic syndrome.
5. Which is NOT one of the functions of challenging behaviors?
- A. Avoiding a situation
- B. Escaping from an undesired object or event
- C. to make others happy
- D. Sensory functions
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Challenging behaviors often serve functions related to avoiding, escaping, obtaining, or sensory needs. The question is asking for the function that does not typically apply to challenging behaviors. Choices A, B, C, and D align with the common functions associated with challenging behaviors. Therefore, 'E' is the correct answer as it does not represent a typical function of challenging behaviors.
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