ATI RN
RN ATI Capstone Proctored Comprehensive Assessment A
1. A client complains of pain in the leg while in skeletal traction. What is the nurse's priority action?
- A. Increase the pain medication immediately
- B. Check for signs of infection
- C. Reposition the client's leg for comfort
- D. Notify the physician of the client's complaints
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Check for signs of infection. In skeletal traction, the priority action for the nurse when a client complains of pain in the leg is to first assess for signs of infection. Pain in skeletal traction can be a symptom of infection or other complications, so checking for signs of infection is crucial before considering other interventions. Increasing pain medication immediately (Choice A) may mask the symptoms of an underlying infection. Repositioning the client's leg for comfort (Choice C) may provide temporary relief but does not address the potential underlying issue. Notifying the physician of the client's complaints (Choice D) is important but assessing for infection should come first to ensure timely and appropriate intervention.
2. A nurse is assessing a postoperative patient for signs of infection. Which finding is most concerning?
- A. Mild redness at the incision site.
- B. Increased drainage from the surgical site.
- C. Fever of 101°F.
- D. Normal white blood cell count.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A fever of 101°F is the most concerning finding when assessing a postoperative patient for signs of infection. Fever can indicate an inflammatory response to an infection, and in a postoperative patient, it can signal a surgical site infection or a systemic infection. Prompt attention is necessary to prevent complications such as sepsis. Mild redness at the incision site and increased drainage can be expected in the early postoperative period due to the normal healing process. A normal white blood cell count does not rule out infection as it can be influenced by various factors, and some infections may not initially cause a rise in white blood cells.
3. A patient with a history of asthma is admitted with shortness of breath. What is the nurse's priority intervention?
- A. Administer a bronchodilator as prescribed.
- B. Encourage the patient to use an incentive spirometer.
- C. Place the patient in a high Fowler's position.
- D. Monitor the patient's oxygen saturation closely.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to administer a bronchodilator as prescribed. This intervention is the priority for a patient with asthma experiencing shortness of breath as it helps relax the airways, making breathing easier. Encouraging the use of an incentive spirometer (Choice B) is beneficial for lung expansion but not the priority in this acute situation. Placing the patient in a high Fowler's position (Choice C) can also help with breathing but is not as immediate as administering a bronchodilator. While monitoring the patient's oxygen saturation closely (Choice D) is important, the immediate action to address the breathing difficulty is administering a bronchodilator.
4. Which of the following actions is a means of maintaining medical asepsis to reduce and prevent the spread of microorganisms?
- A. Sterilizing contaminated items
- B. Routinely cleaning the hospital environment
- C. Reapplying a sterile dressing
- D. Applying a sterile gown and gloves
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Sterilizing contaminated items. Maintaining medical asepsis involves ensuring that items are free of microorganisms to prevent infections. Sterilizing contaminated items is a crucial step in this process as it eliminates all microorganisms, including spores. Choices B, C, and D do not directly address the process of reducing and preventing the spread of microorganisms. While routinely cleaning the hospital environment is important for cleanliness, it does not guarantee the elimination of all microorganisms. Reapplying a sterile dressing and applying a sterile gown and gloves are specific actions related to personal protective equipment and wound care, not the general maintenance of medical asepsis.
5. A patient reports nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy. What is the nurse's priority action?
- A. Administer an antiemetic as prescribed.
- B. Encourage the patient to eat small, frequent meals.
- C. Provide the patient with anti-nausea wristbands.
- D. Encourage the patient to rest after eating.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to administer an antiemetic as prescribed. Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting can be distressing for patients. Administering an antiemetic helps alleviate these symptoms effectively. Choice B, encouraging the patient to eat small, frequent meals, may be helpful for other gastrointestinal issues but is not the priority when the patient is experiencing nausea and vomiting. Choice C, providing anti-nausea wristbands, may offer some relief but is not as direct and immediate as administering an antiemetic. Choice D, encouraging the patient to rest after eating, is not the priority in this situation where the focus should be on managing the nausea and vomiting.
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