ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Exam Questions And Answers
1. Which condition involves the body's immune system attacking the lungs and kidneys, causing severe respiratory and renal damage?
- A. Goodpasture syndrome
- B. Sarcoidosis
- C. Wegener's granulomatosis
- D. Interstitial lung disease
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Goodpasture syndrome is the correct answer. It is an autoimmune disease characterized by the immune system attacking the lungs and kidneys, leading to bleeding in the lungs and kidney failure. Sarcoidosis primarily affects the lungs and lymph nodes, not the kidneys. Wegener's granulomatosis affects the lungs, sinuses, and kidneys, but it is characterized by inflammation of blood vessels. Interstitial lung disease involves scarring of the lung tissue, not direct immune system attacks on the lungs and kidneys.
2. Which heart chamber ejects blood into the lungs via the pulmonary artery?
- A. Right atrium
- B. Left atrium
- C. Right ventricle
- D. Left ventricle
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, the right ventricle. The right ventricle is responsible for pumping deoxygenated blood into the lungs through the pulmonary artery for oxygenation. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body, the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, and the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body, respectively.
3. What test measures the oxygen level in the blood, often used to monitor patients with respiratory or cardiovascular conditions?
- A. Pulse oximetry
- B. Arterial blood gas (ABG)
- C. Echocardiogram
- D. Chest X-ray
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Pulse oximetry. Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive test that measures the oxygen saturation level in the blood, commonly used to monitor respiratory and cardiovascular health. Arterial blood gas (ABG) measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, providing more detailed information than pulse oximetry. Echocardiogram is an ultrasound test used to visualize the heart's structure and function, while a chest X-ray is used to visualize the structures in the chest, such as the heart, lungs, and bones.
4. Which test measures how well the lungs work by assessing the amount of air the lungs can hold and how quickly air can be exhaled?
- A. Spirometry
- B. Pulse oximetry
- C. Arterial blood gas (ABG)
- D. Chest X-ray
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Spirometry. Spirometry is a pulmonary function test that evaluates lung function by measuring the amount of air a person can exhale and how quickly, assisting in the diagnosis of conditions such as asthma and COPD. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because Pulse oximetry measures oxygen saturation in the blood, Arterial blood gas (ABG) evaluates blood pH, oxygen, and carbon dioxide levels, and a Chest X-ray provides an image of the lungs but does not measure lung function.
5. The nurse is monitoring a client on dobutamine. What adverse effect should the nurse watch for?
- A. Tachycardia
- B. Bradycardia
- C. Hypertension
- D. Respiratory distress
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tachycardia. Dobutamine is a medication that stimulates beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart, leading to increased heart rate. Therefore, tachycardia is a common adverse effect that the nurse should monitor for. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because dobutamine typically does not cause bradycardia, hypertension, or respiratory distress as its primary adverse effects.
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