ATI RN
ATI Nutrition Practice A
1. Which nutrient is most important for pregnant women to prevent neural tube defects?
- A. Iron
- B. Folate
- C. Calcium
- D. Vitamin D
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Folate (or folic acid) is crucial for the prevention of neural tube defects during pregnancy.
2. The nurse understands that malnutrition is a prevalent issue among hospitalized individuals. What is it commonly associated with?
- A. Decreased health care expenses
- B. Elevated blood pressure
- C. Decreased mortality rates
- D. A compromised immune system
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Malnutrition is often associated with a weakened immune system. This is because when the body is not sufficiently nourished, it lacks the necessary nutrients to maintain a well-functioning immune system, making patients more vulnerable to infections and other health complications. This can potentially increase mortality rates and prolong hospital stays, contrary to choice C. Choices A and B are incorrect as malnutrition does not lead to decreased health care costs or high blood pressure. In fact, it may increase health care costs due to the potential for increased complications and extended hospital stays.
3. For a patient with GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease), which dietary advice is most appropriate?
- A. Increase spicy foods
- B. Avoid fatty foods
- C. Increase citrus fruits
- D. Reduce water intake
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Avoiding fatty foods can help reduce the symptoms of GERD.
4. Begins carb digestion in the mouth:
- A. pepsin
- B. salivary amylase
- C. CCK
- D. secretin
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Salivary amylase is the enzyme that begins the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth by breaking down starches into simpler sugars.
5. What is the procedure called when direct observations are used to generate an estimate of a client's current food intake?
- A. Food diary
- B. 24-hour recall
- C. Kilocalorie count
- D. Nutrient surveillance record
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A kilocalorie count is the correct answer as it involves directly observing a client's food intake, which is often used in hospitals to accurately assess nutritional intake and ensure it meets dietary requirements. A food diary (Choice A) is typically self-reported by the client and not directly observed. A 24-hour recall (Choice B) is also usually self-reported and relies on a client's memory of the past 24 hours, which can be unreliable. A nutrient surveillance record (Choice D) is a broader term for tracking nutrient intake in a population and is not specific to the direct observation of an individual's food intake.
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