ATI RN
ATI Nutrition Practice A
1. Which list contains fatty acids that reduce cardiovascular disease risk?
- A. omega 3, trans fatty acids, saturated fatty acids
- B. EPA and DHA
- C. omega 6, omega 3, partially hydrogenated oil
- D. omega 3, EPA, saturated fatty acids
Correct answer: B
Rationale: EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), both omega-3 fatty acids, are known to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
2. Does taste perception decline with age, and are individuals taking three or more medications likely to have less taste sensitivity, requiring greater amounts of sodium and sugar to perceive these tastes?
- A. Both statements are true
- B. Both statements are false
- C. The first statement is true; the second is false
- D. The first statement is false; the second is true
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Both statements are indeed true. As people age, their taste perception tends to decline. This change can be further exacerbated by the use of multiple medications, which can potentially dull taste sensitivity even more. Consequently, these individuals often need to consume foods with higher levels of sodium and sugar in order to perceive these tastes. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they deny either one or both of these established facts.
3. Why are blood glucose levels high in type 1 diabetes?
- A. The urinary excretion of glucose is impaired
- B. The lean body mass is metabolized to produce glucose via gluconeogenesis
- C. The absorption of glucose from the gastrointestinal tract is more efficient
- D. There is insufficient insulin to facilitate the transport of glucose into the cells
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In type 1 diabetes, the body's immune system destroys the beta cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. This leads to an insufficient amount of insulin, which is required to facilitate the transport of glucose into the cells. Consequently, blood glucose levels remain high. The other options are incorrect. Option A is incorrect because urinary excretion of glucose does not directly contribute to blood glucose levels. Option B is incorrect because, while gluconeogenesis does produce glucose, it is not the cause of high glucose levels in type 1 diabetes. Option C is incorrect because absorption efficiency of glucose from the gastrointestinal tract does not affect the amount of insulin available to transport glucose into cells.
4. All of the following are electrolytes except:
- A. chloride
- B. potassium
- C. sodium
- D. iron
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Iron is not an electrolyte; electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and chloride help maintain fluid balance and are critical for nerve and muscle function.
5. What is the form in which energy from excess intake of proteins, fats, alcohol, and carbohydrates is stored?
- A. Protein
- B. Fat
- C. Carbohydrates
- D. Alcohol
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When the body consumes more energy than it needs, the surplus is stored as fat, regardless of whether the energy source was proteins, fats, alcohol, or carbohydrates. This is why the correct answer is 'Fat'. Other choices are incorrect because, in excess intake situations, the body does not store surplus energy as proteins, carbohydrates, or alcohol.
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