Nursing Elites

1. Each statement is true regarding oral exposure to fermentable carbohydrates, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. Longer exposure leads to an increased risk of demineralization
• B. Longer exposure increases the opportunity for remineralization
• C. The Stephan curve illustrates pH changes within plaque after rinsing with a sugar solution
• D. The critical pH at which enamel decalcification occurs is 5.5 or less

Correct answer: B

Rationale: All the statements above are accurate about oral exposure to fermentable carbohydrates, except for option B. In fact, longer exposure to these carbohydrates decreases the opportunity for remineralization. This is because the process of demineralization, in which minerals are lost from the tooth enamel, is sped up by the presence of fermentable carbohydrates. The Stephan curve (option C) is a graph that demonstrates how the pH of dental plaque changes after a sugar rinse, usually dropping (becoming more acidic), which can lead to enamel decalcification. Option D is also accurate, as a pH of 5.5 or lower is the critical point at which enamel starts to decalcify.

2. Each of the following accurately describes features of MyPlate except one. Which one is the exception?

• A. MyPlate replaces the well-known food guide, MyPyramid.
• B. The interactive website is intended to help consumers apply personalized dietary guidance.
• C. Whereas MyPyramid was more specific in many areas, MyPlate provides more general information.
• D. Foods providing similar types of nutrients are grouped together and emphasize proportionality of food selections.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because MyPlate actually provides more specific guidance compared to MyPyramid. MyPlate was designed to simplify the dietary recommendations for consumers by focusing on a visual representation of a plate divided into food groups, making it easier to understand and apply. Choices A, B, and D accurately describe features of MyPlate: replacing MyPyramid, providing personalized dietary guidance through an interactive website, and grouping foods with similar nutrients while emphasizing proportionality of food selections.

3. Each statement accurately describes the physical effects of food on periodontal health, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. Supragingival plaque biofilm adhesion is influenced by frequent consumption of monosaccharides
• B. Supragingival plaque biofilm adhesion is influenced by frequent consumption of disaccharides
• C. Poor nutrition has an adverse effect on the periodontium
• D. Chewing soft, spongy foods stimulates salivary flow

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Chewing soft, spongy foods does not stimulate salivary flow; rather, firm, fibrous foods like fruits and vegetables do. Soft foods can stick to teeth, promoting plaque buildup. Choices A, B, and C are accurate: Supragingival plaque biofilm adhesion is influenced by both monosaccharides and disaccharides, while poor nutrition can indeed have adverse effects on the periodontium.

4. The parent of a child newly diagnosed with lactose intolerance is being taught by the nurse. Which food items identified by the parent indicate an understanding of foods to avoid?

• A. Popcorn, seeds, and any foods containing nuts.
• B. Milk, cheese, ice cream, and puddings.
• C. Wheat, rye, barley, and commercially baked goods.
• D. Eggs, ham, bacon, and canned meats.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Milk, cheese, ice cream, and puddings contain lactose, which individuals with lactose intolerance should avoid. Choices A, C, and D do not contain lactose and are not typically problematic for individuals with lactose intolerance.

5. Fires are approached using the mnemonic RACE, in which, R stands for:

• A. Run
• B. Race
• C. Rescue
• D. Remove

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

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