ATI RN
RN Nursing Care of Children 2019 With NGN
1. The nurse is teaching a child experiencing severe edema associated with minimal change nephrotic syndrome about his diet. The nurse should discuss what dietary need?
- A. Consuming a regular diet
- B. Increasing protein
- C. Restricting fluids
- D. Decreasing calories
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Fluid restriction is often necessary to manage severe edema associated with MCNS. Increasing protein is not typically recommended due to the risk of exacerbating proteinuria, and calorie reduction is not generally needed.
2. A girl, age 5 1/2 years, has been sent to the school nurse for urinary incontinence three times in the past 2 days. The nurse should recommend to her parent that the first action is to have the child evaluated for what condition?
- A. School phobia
- B. Glomerulonephritis
- C. Urinary tract infection (UTI)
- D. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Urinary tract infections are a common cause of sudden onset urinary incontinence in children. While school phobia and ADHD can cause behavioral changes, a medical condition like a UTI should be ruled out first.
3. What major complication is associated with a child with chronic renal failure?
- A. Hypokalemia
- B. Metabolic alkalosis
- C. Water and sodium retention
- D. Excessive excretion of blood urea nitrogen
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Water and sodium retention is a major complication in chronic renal failure, leading to hypertension and edema. Hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis are less common, and while BUN levels rise, retention rather than excretion is problematic in chronic renal failure.
4. What statement best describes Hirschsprung disease?
- A. The colon has an aganglionic segment.
- B. It results in frequent evacuation of solids, liquid, and gas.
- C. The neonate passes excessive amounts of meconium.
- D. It results in excessive peristaltic movements within the gastrointestinal tract.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Hirschsprung disease is characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in a segment of the colon, leading to a lack of peristalsis and obstruction. The other options do not accurately describe this condition.
5. The nurse is caring for an adolescent who has just started dialysis. The child always seems angry, hostile, or depressed. The nurse should recognize that this is most likely related to what underlying cause?
- A. Physiologic manifestations of renal disease
- B. The fact that adolescents have few coping mechanisms
- C. Neurologic manifestations that occur with dialysis
- D. Resentment of the control and enforced dependence imposed by dialysis
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Adolescents may feel anger and depression due to the loss of independence and control over their lives, which is imposed by the need for regular dialysis treatments. This reaction is common as they struggle with the restrictions placed on their social and personal lives.
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