ATI RN
RN Nursing Care of Children 2019 With NGN
1. A 2-year-old child has a chronic history of constipation and is brought to the clinic for evaluation. What should the therapeutic plan initially include?
- A. Bowel cleansing
- B. Dietary modification
- C. Structured toilet training
- D. Behavior modification
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Dietary modification is often the first step in managing chronic constipation in children, focusing on increasing fiber and fluid intake. Other interventions like bowel cleansing and toilet training may follow if dietary changes are insufficient.
2. Surgery is performed on a child to correct cryptorchidism. The parents understand the reason for the surgery if they tell the nurse this was done to do what?
- A. Prevent damage to the undescended testicle.
- B. Prevent urinary tract infections.
- C. Prevent prostate cancer.
- D. Prevent an inguinal hernia.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The primary reason for correcting cryptorchidism through surgery is to prevent damage to the undescended testicle, which can lead to infertility and increase the risk of testicular cancer. Prevention of UTIs and prostate cancer are not the primary concerns in this context.
3. A toddler’s mother calls the nurse because she thinks her son has swallowed a button type of battery. He has no signs of respiratory distress. The nurse’s response should be based on which premise?
- A. An emergency laparotomy is very likely.
- B. The location needs to be confirmed by radiographic examination.
- C. Surgery will be necessary if the battery has not passed in the stool in 48 hours.
- D. Careful observation is essential because an ingested battery cannot be accurately detected.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Radiographic examination is essential to confirm the location of the battery, as it can cause significant damage, particularly if lodged in the esophagus. Immediate surgery may be required depending on its location and the potential for causing harm.
4. The nurse is teaching a child experiencing severe edema associated with minimal change nephrotic syndrome about his diet. The nurse should discuss what dietary need?
- A. Consuming a regular diet
- B. Increasing protein
- C. Restricting fluids
- D. Decreasing calories
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Fluid restriction is often necessary to manage severe edema associated with MCNS. Increasing protein is not typically recommended due to the risk of exacerbating proteinuria, and calorie reduction is not generally needed.
5. A preschool-age boy presents to the outpatient clinic for a sore throat. In the child’s mind, which is the most likely cause for the sore throat?
- A. Being exposed to a classmate with strep throat
- B. Not eating the right foods
- C. Not taking daily vitamins
- D. Yelling at sibling for being annoying
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Preschool-age children often attribute illness to their actions, like yelling at a sibling or not following instructions. They may not understand medical causes such as exposure to infections like strep throat (choice A), dietary factors (choice B), or vitamin deficiencies (choice C). It is common for young children to connect symptoms to recent behaviors or events within their limited understanding.
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