Nursing Elites

1. What do the clinical manifestations of minimal change nephrotic syndrome include?

• A. Hematuria, bacteriuria, and weight gain
• B. Gross hematuria, albuminuria, and fever
• C. Hypertension, weight loss, and proteinuria
• D. Massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Minimal change nephrotic syndrome is characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema due to the loss of protein in the urine. Hematuria, bacteriuria, and weight loss are not typical features of this condition.

2. The nurse is providing education to the parent of a child with Beta-thalassemia. Which risk factors about the condition should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. Hypertrophy of the thyroid
• B. Polycythemia vera
• C. Thrombocytopenia
• D. Chronic hypoxia and iron overload

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Chronic hypoxia and iron overload. Children with Beta-thalassemia often suffer from chronic hypoxia due to ineffective erythropoiesis and require frequent blood transfusions, leading to iron overload. These complications must be managed to prevent organ damage. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Hypertrophy of the thyroid, polycythemia vera, and thrombocytopenia are not direct risk factors associated with Beta-thalassemia. Therefore, they should not be included in the teaching regarding this condition.

3. The nurse observes that a newborn is having problems after birth. What should indicate a tracheoesophageal fistula?

• A. Jitteriness
• B. Meconium ileus
• C. Excessive frothy saliva
• D. Increased need for sleep

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Excessive frothy saliva is a hallmark sign of tracheoesophageal fistula. The abnormal connection between the esophagus and trachea causes difficulty in swallowing, leading to an accumulation of saliva in the mouth. This symptom is crucial for early identification and management of tracheoesophageal fistula. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they are not specific indicators of tracheoesophageal fistula.

4. What is characteristic of a neonate’s vision?

• A. Pupils react to light
• B. Tear glands function
• C. Blink reflex is absent
• D. Ciliary muscles are mature

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Pupils react to light.' Newborns' pupils do react to light, indicating that the visual pathway is functioning. However, a neonate's vision is still developing, and they can only focus on objects close to their face. Choice B is incorrect because tear glands are functional at birth. Choice C is incorrect because the blink reflex is present in neonates and helps protect their eyes. Choice D is incorrect as neonates' ciliary muscles are not fully developed.

5. The nurse is caring for a child receiving chemotherapy with the following orders: Zantac 70 mg IV in normal saline 30 mL to infuse over 30 minutes. The nurse should set the infusion pump to deliver how many mL/hour?

• A. 60 mL/hour
• B. 45 mL/hour
• C. 30 mL/hour
• D. 15 mL/hour

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 60 mL/hour. The total volume to be infused is 30 mL over 30 minutes. To calculate the infusion rate in mL/hour, divide the total volume by the total time in hours. In this case, 30 mL / 0.5 hours = 60 mL/hour. Choice B, 45 mL/hour, is incorrect as it does not correspond to the calculated infusion rate. Choices C and D, 30 mL/hour and 15 mL/hour respectively, are also incorrect based on the calculation.

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