ATI RN
Nursing Care of Children Final ATI
1. The nurse is describing clinical reasoning to a group of nursing students. Which is most descriptive of clinical reasoning?
- A. Purposeful and goal-directed
- B. A simple developmental process
- C. Based on deliberate and irrational thought
- D. Assists individuals in guessing what is most appropriate
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Clinical reasoning is purposeful and goal-directed, involving the use of critical thinking and decision-making skills to provide effective patient care.
2. The clinic nurse is assessing a child with a heavy ascariasis lumbricoides (common roundworm) infection. Which assessment findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Anemia
- B. Anorexia
- C. All are applicable
- D. Intestinal colic
Correct answer: D
Rationale: A heavy roundworm infection can cause anemia, anorexia, irritability, and an enlarged abdomen due to the worms’ effects on nutrient absorption and intestinal function.
3. Which physiological acid-base balance complication would be most important for the nurse to assess in a patient with diarrhea?
- A. High serum pH
- B. Normal serum pH
- C. Metabolic alkalosis
- D. Metabolic acidosis
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is metabolic acidosis. Diarrhea can lead to the loss of bicarbonate, causing an imbalance in the acid-base status of the body, specifically resulting in metabolic acidosis. High serum pH (choice A) is incorrect as diarrhea-induced bicarbonate loss would lower pH, not increase it. Normal serum pH (choice B) is not the best answer as diarrhea can disrupt the acid-base balance. Metabolic alkalosis (choice C) is an alkaline state, which is less likely to be caused by diarrhea.
4. At a well-child visit, parents ask the nurse how to know if a daycare facility is a good choice for their infant. Which observation should the nurse stress as especially important to consider when making the selection?
- A. Developmentally appropriate toys
- B. Nutritious snacks served to the children
- C. Handwashing by providers after diaper changes
- D. Certified caregivers for each of the age groups at the facility
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Ensuring that providers practice proper handwashing after diaper changes is crucial in preventing the spread of infections and maintaining a hygienic environment for the infants.
5. A 14-year-old with chronic renal failure suddenly becomes non-compliant with the medication regimen. Which nursing intervention would most likely improve compliance?
- A. Give the child a computer-animated game that presents information on the management of chronic renal failure.
- B. Set up a meeting with some older teens who have chronic renal failure and have been managing their disease effectively.
- C. Arrange for a physician to sit down and talk to the child about the risks related to noncompliance with medications.
- D. Discuss with the child’s parents that privileges, such as a cell phone, can be taken away if compliance fails to improve.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Adolescents often seek guidance and support from their peers. Setting up a meeting with older teens who are effectively managing chronic renal failure can provide the 14-year-old with motivation, encouragement, and practical advice on how to handle their treatment regimen. This peer support can positively influence the non-compliant adolescent, making choice B the most likely intervention to improve compliance. Choices A and C may not address the peer influence aspect of adolescent behavior, while choice D focuses on punitive measures rather than addressing the underlying reasons for non-compliance.
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