ATI Oncology Quiz

ATI RN

1. The nurse is teaching a client about the signs of infection after chemotherapy. Which of the following should the nurse emphasize?

A. Frequent urination
B. Increased thirst
C. Chills and shaking
D. Fever over 100.4°F (38°C)

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In clients undergoing chemotherapy, the immune system is often compromised due to the effects of treatment, making them more susceptible to infections. A fever over 100.4°F (38°C) is considered a critical sign of infection in these patients and requires immediate medical evaluation. Fever may indicate the presence of an infection that could escalate quickly in immunocompromised individuals, so it is vital for patients to recognize this symptom and seek prompt medical attention.

2. A nurse is preparing to administer filgrastim to a client undergoing chemotherapy. What is the primary purpose of this medication?

A. Increase white blood cell production.
B. Reduce the risk of infection.
C. Enhance red blood cell production.
D. Control chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Filgrastim is primarily used to increase white blood cell production in clients undergoing chemotherapy.

3. The nurse on a bone marrow transplant unit is caring for a patient with cancer who is preparing for HSCT. What is a priority nursing diagnosis for this patient?

A. Fatigue related to altered metabolic processes
B. Altered nutrition: less than body requirements related to anorexia
C. Risk for infection related to altered immunologic response
D. Body image disturbance related to weight loss and anorexia

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Patients preparing for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) undergo intensive chemotherapy and/or radiation, which significantly suppresses their immune system. This immunosuppression leads to a heightened risk for infection, making it the most critical nursing diagnosis for these patients. As the body’s ability to fight off pathogens is compromised, close monitoring and interventions aimed at preventing infections are essential for their safety and recovery.

4. A nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with essential thrombocythemia (ET) who is at risk for thromboembolic events. What nursing intervention is most appropriate for this patient?

A. Encouraging regular physical activity
B. Administering anticoagulant therapy
C. Monitoring for signs of bleeding
D. Monitoring for signs of infection

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Administering anticoagulant therapy is crucial to prevent thromboembolic events in patients with ET.

5. A nurse knows that the patient with stage 3 based on Ann-arber staging has:

A. 2 or more lymph node involvement and outside the lymph nodes
B. 2 or more lymph node involvement on one side of the body
C. 2 or more lymph nodes on the breasts
D. 2 or more lymph node involvement on both sides of the body

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In the Ann Arbor staging system for lymphomas, Stage 3 indicates that the disease has spread beyond the initial lymph node region to involve lymph nodes on both sides of the diaphragm (i.e., the areas above and below the diaphragm). This includes lymphatic involvement in both the thoracic and abdominal regions, signifying a more advanced disease state.