Nursing Elites

1. What does the Hib conjugate vaccine protect against?

• A. Bacterial meningitis
• B. Epiglottitis
• C. Bacterial pneumonia
• D. All Correct

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The Hib conjugate vaccine is crucial for protecting children from several severe infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b, including bacterial meningitis, epiglottitis, bacterial pneumonia, septic arthritis, and sepsis. Therefore, all the provided options are correct. Bacterial meningitis, epiglottitis, and bacterial pneumonia are serious conditions that the Hib vaccine effectively prevents, making choice D the correct answer. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect when considered individually as the Hib vaccine does not protect against only one specific infection; rather, it provides immunity against multiple diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b.

2. The educator is teaching about the process of physical growth and development. Which of these describes the directional pattern from head to tail?

• A. Cephalodistal
• B. Cephalocaudal
• C. Proximodistal
• D. Proximocaudal

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Cephalocaudal development is the correct term that describes the directional pattern of growth from head to tail. This means that the head and upper body parts develop before the lower parts. Choice A, 'Cephalodistal,' refers to growth from the center of the body outward, not head to tail. Choice C, 'Proximodistal,' describes growth from the center of the body towards the extremities, not specifically from head to tail. Choice D, 'Proximocaudal,' is not a recognized term in the context of physical growth and development.

3. The nurse is teaching a parent with a 2-month-old infant who has been diagnosed with colic about ways to relieve colic. Which statement by the parent indicates the need for additional teaching?

• A. I should let my infant cry for at least 30 minutes before I respond.
• B. I will swaddle my infant tightly with a soft blanket.
• C. I should massage my infant's abdomen whenever possible.
• D. I will place my infant in an upright seat after feeding.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Letting an infant cry for prolonged periods can exacerbate colic and increase the infant's distress. It is better to respond promptly to soothe the baby. Other methods like swaddling, gentle massage, and keeping the infant upright can help relieve colic symptoms.

4. What is the most effective way to prevent the spread of hand, foot, and mouth disease in a daycare setting?

• A. Handwashing
• B. Isolating sick children
• C. Disinfecting toys
• D. Encouraging vaccination

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Handwashing is indeed the most effective way to prevent the spread of hand, foot, and mouth disease in children. Proper hand hygiene helps in removing and killing germs that can cause infections. While isolating sick children and disinfecting toys are important measures to prevent the spread of diseases, they are not as effective as handwashing. Encouraging vaccination, in this case, is not relevant since there is no specific vaccine available for hand, foot, and mouth disease.

5. Which disease requires strict isolation due to its mode of transmission?

• A. Mumps
• B. Chickenpox
• C. Exanthema subitum (roseola)
• D. Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is Chickenpox (choice B). Chickenpox is highly communicable and requires strict isolation to prevent the spread of the virus through direct contact, droplet transmission, and contaminated objects. Mumps (choice A) is also contagious but does not typically require strict isolation. Exanthema subitum (roseola) (choice C) and Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) (choice D) are not as highly contagious as chickenpox and do not necessitate strict isolation.

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