Nursing Elites

1. The nurse is caring for a child with Beta Thalassemia. Which child is in a group most at risk for Beta Thalassemia?

• A. A three-year-old girl of Mediterranean descent.
• B. A ten-year-old boy of Hispanic descent.
• C. A young girl of African descent.
• D. A baby of European descent.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Beta Thalassemia is most common in individuals of Mediterranean descent, such as those from Italy, Greece, and the Middle East. This genetic disorder affects hemoglobin production and can lead to severe anemia. Choice A is the correct answer as individuals of Mediterranean descent are at the highest risk for Beta Thalassemia. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not belong to the population group most at risk for this genetic disorder.

2. Pretending a sheet is a cape to mimic a superhero is characteristic of which childhood phenomenon?

• A. Artificialism
• B. Symbolic functioning
• C. Critical thinking
• D. Dramatic play

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, symbolic functioning. Symbolic functioning refers to children using objects, actions, or ideas to represent other objects, actions, or ideas. In this scenario, pretending a sheet is a cape to mimic a superhero demonstrates the child's ability to engage in symbolic play. Choice A, artificialism, is incorrect as it refers to the belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities. Choice C, critical thinking, does not directly relate to the imaginative play described in the question. Choice D, dramatic play, is close but not as precise as symbolic functioning, which specifically highlights the use of objects to represent something else.

3. What is the major cause of death for children older than 1 year in the United States?

• A. Heart disease
• B. Childhood cancer
• C. Unintentional injuries
• D. Congenital anomalies

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of death among children older than 1 year in the United States.

4. Which pediatric condition is characterized by a "string sign" on an upper GI series?

• A. Intussusception
• B. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
• C. Hirschsprung disease
• D. Meckel diverticulum

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. The "string sign" is associated with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, a condition where the pyloric canal is narrowed, leading to gastric outlet obstruction. Intussusception (choice A) typically presents with colicky abdominal pain and currant jelly stools. Hirschsprung disease (choice C) is characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the distal colon. Meckel diverticulum (choice D) is a congenital outpouching of the small intestine that can present with painless rectal bleeding.

5. A mother reports to the nurse that her 6-year-old child is highly active, irritable, irregular in habits, and adapts slowly to new routines, people, or situations. Which pattern of temperament would best describe the child?

• A. The 'easy' child
• B. The 'difficult' child
• C. The 'slow-to-warm-up' child
• D. The 'fast-to-warm-up' child

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The 'difficult' child is the best way to describe the child in this scenario. This temperament is characterized by high activity levels, irritability, irregular habits, and difficulty adapting to changes. Choice A, the 'easy' child, is known for being generally positive and adaptable. Choice C, the 'slow-to-warm-up' child, typically needs time to adapt to new situations but is not necessarily highly active or irritable. Choice D, the 'fast-to-warm-up' child, adapts quickly to new situations, which contrasts with the child's slow adaptation mentioned in the scenario.

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