the nurse is caring for a child with beta thalassemia which child is in a group most at risk for beta thalassemia

ATI RN

RN Nursing Care of Children 2019 With NGN

1. The nurse is caring for a child with Beta Thalassemia. Which child is in a group most at risk for Beta Thalassemia?

A. A three-year-old girl of Mediterranean descent.
B. A ten-year-old boy of Hispanic descent.
C. A young girl of African descent.
D. A baby of European descent.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Beta Thalassemia is most common in individuals of Mediterranean descent, such as those from Italy, Greece, and the Middle East. This genetic disorder affects hemoglobin production and can lead to severe anemia. Choice A is the correct answer as individuals of Mediterranean descent are at the highest risk for Beta Thalassemia. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not belong to the population group most at risk for this genetic disorder.

2. After surgery yesterday for gastroesophageal reflux, the nurse finds that the infant has somehow removed the nasogastric (NG) tube. What nursing action is most appropriate to perform at this time?

A. Notify the healthcare provider.
B. Insert a new NG tube for feedings.
C. Replace the NG tube to maintain gastric decompression.
D. Leave the NG tube out as it may have been in long enough.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The most appropriate action for the nurse to take in this situation is to notify the healthcare provider immediately. This is important as the removal of the NG tube can disrupt postoperative care, especially in terms of maintaining gastric decompression. Inserting a new NG tube without practitioner direction can be unsafe and is not within the nurse's scope of practice. Similarly, replacing the NG tube or leaving it out should be decided by the healthcare provider to ensure the infant's safety and appropriate postoperative care.

3. Which of the following is a hallmark sign of intussusception in children?

A. Bilious vomiting
B. "Currant jelly" stools
C. Abdominal distention
D. Constipation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: "Currant jelly" stools, consisting of mucus and blood, are characteristic of intussusception in children. It occurs due to the telescoping of a segment of the intestine into an adjacent segment, leading to obstruction and subsequent mucosal ischemia, causing the passage of bloody mucus in the stool. Bilious vomiting can be seen in other conditions like bowel obstruction, abdominal distention can be present but is not as specific, and constipation is less likely in the presentation of intussusception.

4. What illnesses does respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) prevent?

A. HBV, Hib, and pertussis
B. HSV, influenza, and HBV
C. RSV, influenza, and adenovirus
D. RSV, pertussis, and varicella

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: RSV, influenza, and adenovirus. The CDC recommends respiratory hygiene and etiquette to prevent the transmission of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza, adenovirus, and other droplet-transmitted unknown viruses. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because HBV, Hib, pertussis, HSV, and varicella are not typically transmitted via droplets but through other modes of transmission.