Nursing Elites

1. According to Maslow’s hierarchy, what is the most advanced need provided by the home environment?

• A. Love
• B. Self-actualization
• C. Esteem
• D. Physiological

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, self-actualization. Self-actualization is the highest level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs, representing the realization of one's full potential. While love is an essential need, self-actualization builds upon the fulfillment of basic needs like safety and love. Esteem needs relate to feelings of accomplishment and recognition, which come before self-actualization. Physiological needs such as food, water, and shelter are the most basic needs at the bottom of the hierarchy.

2. The nurse needs to take the blood pressure of a small child. Of the cuffs available, one is too large and one is too small. The best nursing action is which?

• A. Use the small cuff
• B. Use the large cuff
• C. Use either cuff using the palpation method
• D. Wait to take the blood pressure until a proper cuff can be located

Correct answer: D

Rationale: It is essential to use the correct cuff size for accurate blood pressure readings; if the proper size is not available, it's best to wait until it can be obtained.

3. What is a physical characteristic of infants whose mothers smoked during pregnancy?

• A. Being large for gestational age
• B. Growth restriction in weight only
• C. Preterm but size appropriate for gestational age
• D. Growth restriction in weight, length, and chest and head circumference

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Growth restriction in weight, length, and chest and head circumference. Infants born to mothers who smoke during pregnancy exhibit growth failure in weight, length, chest, and head circumference. This growth failure is directly related to the number of cigarettes smoked by the mother. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because infants exposed to maternal smoking do not tend to be large for gestational age, experience growth restriction in weight only, or be preterm but size appropriate for gestational age.

4. For minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), prednisone is effective when what occurs?

• A. Appetite increases and blood pressure is normal
• B. Urinary tract infection is gone and edema subsides
• C. Generalized edema subsides and blood pressure is normal
• D. Diuresis occurs as urinary protein excretion diminishes

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The effectiveness of prednisone in treating MCNS is indicated by diuresis and a decrease in urinary protein excretion. Subsidence of generalized edema is also a positive sign, but the key indicator is the reduction in proteinuria, which is achieved through diuresis.

5. At which age should the nurse expect an infant to begin smiling in response to pleasurable stimuli?

• A. 1 month
• B. 2 months
• C. 3 months
• D. 4 months

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Infants typically begin to smile in response to pleasurable stimuli by 2 months, which is an early sign of social interaction and emotional development.

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