Nursing Elites

1. What is the most consistent asset of resilient children?

• A. a strong bond with a competent, caring adult
• B. high intelligence
• C. an easygoing temperament
• D. an association with a rule-abiding peer

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The most consistent asset of resilient children is a strong bond with a competent, caring adult. This relationship provides crucial support, guidance, and positive role modeling, fostering resilience in children. While intelligence (choice B) can be beneficial, it is not as consistently impactful as a supportive adult bond. An easygoing temperament (choice C) may help, but it is not as universally present in resilient children. Associating with rule-abiding peers (choice D) can be helpful, but the connection with a caring adult is more significant in promoting resilience.

2. A major strength of the information-processing approach to development is its commitment to __________.

• A. the study of imagination
• B. flexible case study interviews
• C. rigorous research methods
• D. disproving other developmental theories

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The major strength of the information-processing approach to development is its commitment to rigorous research methods. This approach emphasizes systematic observation, measurement, and experimentation to study cognitive development in individuals. By using rigorous research methods, researchers can gather reliable and valid data to better understand how information is processed in the human mind. This commitment to methodological rigor enhances the credibility and validity of the conclusions drawn within the information-processing approach to development. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the information-processing approach focuses on empirical research methods rather than the study of imagination, case study interviews, or disproving other developmental theories.

3. What is a major disadvantage of cross-sectional research?

• A. Age-related changes cannot be examined.
• B. Participants often drop out before the study is over.
• C. Factors affecting individual development cannot be explored.
• D. Practice effects often cause biased findings.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: One major disadvantage of cross-sectional research is that factors affecting individual development cannot be explored thoroughly. Cross-sectional research involves comparing different groups of people at one specific point in time, and does not allow for tracking individual changes over time. This limitation means that the unique influences and trajectories of individual development may be overlooked in cross-sectional studies. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Choice A is not a major disadvantage of cross-sectional research as age-related changes can still be compared across different groups in this type of study. Choice B, while a potential issue in any study, is not specific to cross-sectional research. Choice D refers to a different type of bias caused by repeated testing rather than a major disadvantage of cross-sectional research.

4. The information-processing perspective __________.

• A. examines separate aspects of thinking
• B. fails to consider biological influences on cognitive development
• C. applies only to children in cultures having formal schooling
• D. focuses on overall cognitive change

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The information-processing perspective focuses on how individuals process, store, and retrieve information. Choice A, 'examines separate aspects of thinking,' accurately reflects this perspective. The other choices are incorrect. Choice B is incorrect because the information-processing perspective does consider biological influences on cognitive development. Choice C is incorrect as this perspective is not limited to children in cultures with formal schooling. Choice D is incorrect as the information-processing perspective does not focus on overall cognitive change, but rather on the specific processes involved in information processing.

5. You can tell her that healthy women in their thirties have __________ as those in their twenties.

• A. lower rates of miscarriage Copyright © 2018 Laura E. Berk. All Rights Reserved. 18 Test Bank for Berk, Development Through the Lifespan, 7e
• B. higher rates of pregnancy complications
• C. lower rates of pregnancy complications
• D. about the same rates of pregnancy complications Answer: D Page Ref: 89 Skill Level: Apply Topic: Prenatal Environmental Influences Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Healthy women in their thirties typically have about the same rates of pregnancy complications as those in their twenties. While it is true that the risk of fertility issues and certain pregnancy complications may increase with age, generally speaking, women in their thirties who are healthy and do not have preexisting conditions do not necessarily experience higher rates of pregnancy complications compared to women in their twenties.

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