ATI RN
Human Growth and Development Final Exam
1. In the __________ period, teratogens rarely have any impact.
- A. germinal
- B. embryonic
- C. fetal
- D. prenatal
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In the germinal period of prenatal development, which lasts for about the first two weeks after fertilization, the developing organism is a zygote that has not yet implanted in the uterus. During this period, teratogens rarely have any impact because essential implantation and early cellular division processes are occurring. Teratogens are more likely to have significant effects during the later embryonic and fetal periods of development. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Choice B, embryonic period, is incorrect because teratogens have a higher likelihood of impacting development during this period. Choice C, fetal period, is also incorrect as teratogens can impact development during this stage as well. Choice D, prenatal, is a broad term encompassing the entire period of development from conception to birth and is not a specific developmental stage where teratogens have a minimal impact.
2. Three-month-old Jefferson will probably listen longer to __________ than to __________.
- A. pure tones; voices
- B. pure tones; noises
- C. human speech; nonspeech sounds
- D. a foreign language; his native language
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Three-month-old Jefferson will likely listen longer to human speech compared to nonspeech sounds because infants have a natural preference for speech sounds. This preference is believed to be attributed to their biological readiness to learn language and communicate with others. Choice A is incorrect because voices are a form of human speech, which is preferred over pure tones. Choice B is incorrect as noises do not necessarily engage infants' attention as effectively as human speech. Choice D is incorrect because Jefferson is more likely to listen longer to his native language rather than a foreign language at this early age.
3. When classmates are asked to rate each other's likability, __________ children get many positive votes, whereas __________ children are seldom mentioned.
- A. popular; neglected
- B. neglected; rejected
- C. popular; rejected
- D. controversial; neglected
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'popular; neglected.' Popular children are well-liked by their peers, hence they receive many positive votes. Neglected children, on the other hand, are often overlooked or ignored, resulting in them being seldom mentioned. Choice B is incorrect because neglected and rejected have different meanings. Choice C is incorrect as popular and rejected do not align with the likability context provided in the question. Choice D is incorrect as controversial does not directly relate to likability in the context of the question.
4. Who is generally regarded as the founder of the child study movement?
- A. Charles Darwin
- B. G. Stanley Hall
- C. Alfred Binet
- D. Sigmund Freud
Correct answer: B
Rationale: G. Stanley Hall is generally regarded as the founder of the child study movement. He established the first American research laboratory dedicated to child psychology and education, helping to pioneer the scientific study of child development. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they were not primarily associated with founding the child study movement. Charles Darwin is known for his contributions to the theory of evolution, Alfred Binet is famous for developing the first intelligence test, and Sigmund Freud is renowned for his work in psychoanalysis.
5. The most rapid prenatal changes take place in the period of the __________.
- A. zygote
- B. blastocyst
- C. embryo
- D. fetus
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: embryo. The most rapid prenatal changes occur during the embryo stage, which spans from approximately 2 to 8 weeks after conception. This period is crucial as major organs and systems of the body develop rapidly, laying the foundation for future growth and development. The zygote stage is the initial single-celled entity formed by the union of sperm and egg, while the blastocyst stage involves the cluster of cells resulting from the zygote dividing and growing. The fetus stage follows the embryo stage and focuses on refining and growing existing structures rather than rapid development. Therefore, the embryo stage is where the most significant and rapid changes take place in prenatal development.
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