Nursing Elites

1. What is the condition where the lung collapses due to air leaking into the space between the lung and chest wall?

• A. Pneumothorax
• B. Pleural effusion
• C. Pulmonary fibrosis
• D. Lung cancer

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Pneumothorax is the correct answer. It is the collapse of a lung due to air leaking into the space between the lung and chest wall. This condition often requires emergency treatment. Choice B, Pleural effusion, is the buildup of excess fluid between the layers of the pleura outside the lung, not air. Choice C, Pulmonary fibrosis, is a lung disease characterized by scarring and thickening of lung tissue, not related to lung collapse. Choice D, Lung cancer, is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the lung, not directly causing lung collapse.

2. This term refers to a change in the inotropic state of the muscle without a change in myocardial fiber length.

• A. Contractility
• B. Excitability
• C. Refractoriness
• D. Automaticity

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Contractility. Contractility specifically refers to the change in the force of contraction of the heart muscle without changing its length. In this scenario, the focus is on the change in the inotropic state of the muscle, which directly relates to contractility. Choice B, Excitability, refers to the ability of a cell to respond to a stimulus, not specifically related to changes in contractile force. Choice C, Refractoriness, pertains to the period during which a cell is unresponsive to a new stimulus. Choice D, Automaticity, refers to the ability of cardiac cells to spontaneously generate electrical impulses.

3. The client is receiving intravenous dopamine. What is the most important nursing assessment?

• A. Monitor heart rate and rhythm
• B. Monitor blood pressure
• C. Monitor respiratory rate
• D. Monitor oxygen saturation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to monitor heart rate and rhythm when a client is receiving intravenous dopamine. Dopamine is known to potentially cause arrhythmias, making this assessment crucial. While monitoring blood pressure, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation are important nursing assessments, they are not the most critical when dopamine is being administered.

4. In cases of myocardial infarction leading to shock, which medication is appropriate to counteract shock?

• A. Atropine
• B. Dopamine
• C. Digoxin
• D. Adenosine

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In cases of myocardial infarction leading to shock, dopamine is the drug of choice. Dopamine helps increase blood pressure and improve blood flow to vital organs, making it beneficial in managing shock. Atropine is mainly used for symptomatic bradycardia, not for shock. Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside used in heart failure and atrial fibrillation, not for managing shock. Adenosine is typically used for diagnosing and treating supraventricular tachycardias, not for shock associated with myocardial infarction.

5. What is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the small airways in the lungs, leading to episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, and coughing?

• A. Asthma
• B. COPD
• C. Bronchitis
• D. Lung cancer

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Asthma is the correct answer. It is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the small airways in the lungs, leading to symptoms like wheezing, breathlessness, and coughing. Asthma is commonly triggered by allergens, exercise, respiratory infections, and other factors. Choice B, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), is characterized by airflow limitation and is often caused by smoking. Choice C, Bronchitis, is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes and can be acute or chronic. Choice D, Lung cancer, is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in lung tissues and is commonly associated with smoking or environmental factors.

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