Nursing Elites

1. The nurse is teaching parents about expected language development for their 6-month-old infant. The nurse recognizes the parents understand the teaching if they make which statement?

• A. Our baby should comprehend the word no.
• B. Our baby knows the meaning of saying mama.
• C. Our baby should be able to say three to five words.
• D. Our baby should begin to combine syllables, such as dada.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: At 6 months, infants typically begin to combine syllables like "dada" or "mama," but they do not yet understand the meaning of these words.

2. Which reflex is expected to disappear by 4 months of age?

• A. Rooting reflex
• B. Moro reflex
• C. Babinski reflex
• D. Palmar grasp

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The Moro reflex, also known as the startle reflex, typically disappears by 4 months as the infant's nervous system matures. This reflex is important for assessing the development of the nervous system in newborns. The Rooting reflex (Choice A) is related to turning the head in response to cheek stimulation; the Babinski reflex (Choice C) involves the fanning of toes in response to foot stimulation; and the Palmar grasp (Choice D) is the curling of the fingers around an object placed in the infant's hand. These reflexes have different timelines for disappearance and are not typically expected to be gone by 4 months of age.

3. The nurse is planning care for a patient with a different ethnic background. Which should be an appropriate goal?

• A. Adapt, as necessary, ethnic practices to health needs
• B. Attempt, in a nonjudgmental way, to change ethnic beliefs
• C. Encourage continuation of ethnic practices in the hospital setting
• D. Strive to keep ethnic background from influencing health needs

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Adapting ethnic practices to health needs respects the patient's cultural background while ensuring that care is effective and culturally sensitive.

4. What laboratory finding, in conjunction with the presenting symptoms, indicates minimal change nephrotic syndrome?

• A. Low specific gravity
• B. Decreased hemoglobin
• C. Normal platelet count
• D. Reduced serum albumin

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Reduced serum albumin is a hallmark of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) due to massive proteinuria. This results in hypoalbuminemia, which contributes to the edema characteristic of this condition.

5. A six-year-old child is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of urinary tract infection. Which of these factors contribute to urinary tract infections in young children?

• A. Excessive intake of carbonated beverages.
• B. Insufficient water intake to flush the kidneys.
• C. Voiding pattern of 5-6 times a day.
• D. Infrequent voiding which results in urinary stasis.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Infrequent voiding can lead to urinary stasis, which increases the risk of urinary tract infections by allowing bacteria to multiply in the bladder. Encouraging regular voiding and proper hydration can help prevent UTIs. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Excessive intake of carbonated beverages may irritate the bladder but is not a direct cause of UTIs. Insufficient water intake can concentrate urine but does not necessarily lead to infections. A voiding pattern of 5-6 times a day is within the normal range and is not associated with increased UTI risk.

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