ATI RN
Nursing Care of Children ATI
1. What is the first sign of puberty in boys?
- A. Enlargement of testes
- B. Decreased levels of testosterone
- C. Voice deepening
- D. Pubic hair
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The first sign of puberty in boys is typically the enlargement of the testes. This is due to the increase in production of testosterone, which leads to physical changes such as growth of the testes. Choice B, decreased levels of testosterone, is incorrect as puberty is marked by an increase in testosterone levels. Choice C, voice deepening, and choice D, pubic hair growth, usually occur later in the puberty process compared to testicular enlargement, making them incorrect answers.
2. A 6-year-old child has patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) for pain management after orthopedic surgery. The parents are worried that their child will be in pain. What should your explanation to the parents include?
- A. The child will continue to sleep and be pain-free
- B. Parents cannot administer additional medication with the button
- C. The pump can deliver baseline and bolus dosages
- D. There is a high risk of overdose, so monitoring is done every 15 minutes
Correct answer: C
Rationale: PCA pumps are designed to deliver both a continuous baseline dose and patient-activated bolus doses, which can help manage pain effectively while minimizing the risk of overdose.
3. Which condition is characterized by a harsh, barking cough in children?
- A. Asthma
- B. Bronchiolitis
- C. Croup
- D. Pneumonia
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Croup is the correct answer. It is characterized by a harsh, barking cough due to inflammation of the upper airways, specifically the larynx and trachea. Asthma (Choice A) often presents with wheezing and shortness of breath, not a barking cough. Bronchiolitis (Choice B) typically causes wheezing and respiratory distress in infants. Pneumonia (Choice D) manifests with symptoms such as fever, productive cough, and chest pain, but not usually a barking cough.
4. The charge nurse in the pediatric unit is teaching nursing students about pyloric stenosis. A student asks what causes pyloric stenosis. How should the nurse respond?
- A. One portion of the intestines invaginates or telescopes into another
- B. Hypertrophy of the circular pylorus muscle
- C. Relaxed cardiac sphincter
- D. Absent ganglion cells in the colon
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Pyloric stenosis is caused by the hypertrophy (thickening) of the circular muscle of the pylorus, leading to obstruction. Choice A is incorrect as it describes intussusception, not pyloric stenosis. Choice C is incorrect as a relaxed cardiac sphincter is related to gastroesophageal reflux. Choice D is incorrect as it describes Hirschsprung's disease, not pyloric stenosis.
5. The nurse is having difficulty communicating with a hospitalized 6-year-old child. Which technique should be most helpful?
- A. Recommend that the child keep a diary.
- B. Provide supplies for the child to draw a picture
- C. Suggest that the parent read fairy tales to the child
- D. Ask the parent if the child is always uncommunicative
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Drawing allows the child to express feelings and thoughts non-verbally, which can be particularly effective for children who have difficulty articulating their emotions.
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