what laboratory finding should the nurse expect in a child with an excess of water

ATI RN

RN Nursing Care of Children Online Practice 2019 A

1. What laboratory finding should the nurse expect in a child with an excess of water?

A. Decreased hematocrit
B. High serum osmolality
C. High urine specific gravity
D. Increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Water excess typically leads to hemodilution, resulting in a decreased hematocrit. High serum osmolality and specific gravity would indicate dehydration, while elevated BUN could suggest renal impairment or dehydration, not fluid overload.

2. When assessing an infant with intussusception, what type of stool would the nurse expect to find?

A. Soft, seedy stool
B. Currant-jelly stool
C. Ribbon-like stool
D. Soft and pasty stool

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Currant-jelly stool. This type of stool, which is red and mucous-like, is a classic sign of intussusception in infants. Choice A (Soft, seedy stool) is incorrect as it does not specifically describe the characteristic stool associated with intussusception. Choice C (Ribbon-like stool) is incorrect; ribbon-like stool may be seen in conditions like colon cancer, not intussusception. Choice D (Soft and pasty stool) is also incorrect as it does not match the typical stool finding in intussusception.

3. Which condition is most commonly associated with a 'sunset sign' in infants?

A. Hydrocephalus
B. Meningitis
C. Cerebral palsy
D. Encephalitis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The 'sunset sign,' characterized by downward-driven eyes, is most commonly associated with hydrocephalus. This condition causes increased intracranial pressure, leading to the eyes appearing to be forced downward. Meningitis (choice B) typically presents with symptoms such as fever, headache, and a stiff neck, but not the 'sunset sign.' Cerebral palsy (choice C) is a group of disorders affecting movement and muscle coordination, not directly related to the 'sunset sign.' Encephalitis (choice D) is inflammation of the brain, which can cause symptoms like fever, headache, and confusion, but not the specific downward eye gaze seen in the 'sunset sign.'

4. How is family systems theory best described?

A. The family is viewed as the sum of individual members
B. A change in one family member cannot create a change in other members
C. Individual family members are readily identified as the source of a problem
D. When the family system is disrupted, change can occur at any point in the system

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Family systems theory views the family as a whole, where changes in one member affect the entire system, and changes can occur at any point within the system.

5. The school nurse is explaining to older school children that obesity increases the risk for which disorders? (Select all that apply.)

A. Asthma
B. Hypertension
C. Dyslipidemia
D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Obesity increases the risk for conditions like asthma, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and altered glucose metabolism, but not typically irritable bowel disease.