what condition is often associated with severe diarrhea

ATI RN

RN Nursing Care of Children Online Practice 2019 A

1. What condition is often associated with severe diarrhea?

A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Severe diarrhea can lead to a loss of bicarbonate, resulting in metabolic acidosis. This is a common complication of prolonged or severe diarrhea, especially in children.

2. Which is the most frequently used test for measuring visual acuity?

A. Snellen letter chart
B. Ishihara vision test
C. Allen picture card test
D. Denver eye screening test

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The Snellen letter chart is the most commonly used test for measuring visual acuity, particularly in school-age children and adults.

3. Pertussis vaccination should begin at which age?

A. Birth
B. 2 months
C. 6 months
D. 12 months

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The DTaP vaccine, which includes pertussis, is typically started at 2 months of age as part of the recommended immunization schedule.

4. At a well-child check-up, the nurse notes that an infant with a previous diagnosis of failure to thrive (FTT) is now steadily gaining weight. The nurse should recommend that fruit juice intake be limited to no more than how much?

A. 4 oz/day
B. 6 oz/day
C. 8 oz/day
D. 12 oz/day

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends limiting fruit juice intake to no more than 4 oz per day for infants, as excessive juice can contribute to poor nutrition and dental issues.

5. The school nurse is assessing children for risk factors related to childhood injuries. Which child has the most risk factors related to childhood injury?

A. Female, multiple siblings, stable home life
B. Male, high activity level, stressful home life
C. Male, even-tempered, history of previous injuries
D. Female, reacts negatively to new situations, no serious previous injuries

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A male child with a high activity level and a stressful home life has multiple risk factors for childhood injuries, requiring closer supervision and preventive measures.