Nursing Elites

1. What intervention is contraindicated in a suspected case of appendicitis?

• A. Enemas
• B. Palpating the abdomen
• C. Administration of antibiotics
• D. Administration of antipyretics for fever

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Enemas are contraindicated in cases of suspected appendicitis because they can increase the risk of perforation. The pressure from the enema can exacerbate inflammation and potentially lead to the rupture of the appendix. Palpating the abdomen gently is essential for diagnosing appendicitis, as it helps identify the characteristic signs like rebound tenderness. Antibiotics are commonly used to treat the infection associated with appendicitis, and antipyretics are administered to manage fever, which is a common symptom of the condition. Therefore, enemas are the intervention to avoid in suspected appendicitis cases.

2. What laboratory finding, in conjunction with the presenting symptoms, indicates minimal change nephrotic syndrome?

• A. Low specific gravity
• B. Decreased hemoglobin
• C. Normal platelet count
• D. Reduced serum albumin

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Reduced serum albumin is a hallmark of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) due to massive proteinuria. This results in hypoalbuminemia, which contributes to the edema characteristic of this condition.

3. An important intervention for infants with developmental disabilities is to:

• A. Help parents realize their child will not develop further
• B. Stress the importance of early infant stimulation and intervention programs
• C. Have them institutionalized as soon as possible
• D. Have children reevaluated at 2 years of age to confirm the diagnosis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stress the importance of early infant stimulation and intervention programs. Early intervention programs are essential for infants with developmental disabilities as they can significantly impact the child's development and future outcomes. These programs provide necessary support and therapies to enhance the child's skills and abilities. Choice A is incorrect because it is crucial to provide hope and support to parents, emphasizing the potential for development and progress. Choice C is inappropriate and unethical as the first line of intervention. Institutionalization should only be considered in extreme cases where other options have been exhausted. Choice D is not the most crucial intervention at this stage. While reevaluation may be necessary, early intervention and support should be prioritized to maximize the child's developmental potential.

4. Which statement best describes colic?

• A. Periods of abdominal pain resulting in weight loss
• B. Usually the result of poor or inadequate mothering
• C. Periods of abdominal pain and crying occurring in infants older than age 6 months
• D. A paroxysmal abdominal pain or cramping manifested by episodes of loud crying

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Colic is characterized by episodes of loud, inconsolable crying, often due to abdominal discomfort, and typically occurs in infants younger than 6 months. It is not related to poor mothering, nor does it necessarily result in weight loss.

5. The nurse is preparing to admit a child to the hospital with a diagnosis of minimal change nephrotic syndrome. The nurse understands that the peak age at onset for this disease is what?

• A. 2 to 3 years
• B. 4 to 5 years
• C. 6 to 7 years
• D. 8 to 9 years

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The peak age for the onset of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) is typically between 4 and 5 years old. MCNS is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children, particularly within this age range.

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