ATI RN
ATI Nursing Care of Children
1. During a funduscopic examination of a school-age child, the nurse notes a brilliant, uniform red reflex in both eyes. The nurse should recognize that this is which?
- A. A normal finding
- B. A sign of a possible visual defect and a need for vision screening
- C. An abnormal finding requiring referral to an ophthalmologist
- D. A sign of small hemorrhages, which usually resolve spontaneously
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A brilliant, uniform red reflex in both eyes is a normal finding, indicating that the retina is healthy and there are no significant obstructions in the visual pathway.
2. The nurse is preparing to admit a child to the hospital with a diagnosis of minimal change nephrotic syndrome. The nurse understands that the peak age at onset for this disease is what?
- A. 2 to 3 years
- B. 4 to 5 years
- C. 6 to 7 years
- D. 8 to 9 years
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The peak age for the onset of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) is typically between 4 and 5 years old. MCNS is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children, particularly within this age range.
3. The nurse is talking to a group of parents of school-age children at an after-school program about childhood health problems. Which statement should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Childhood obesity is the most common nutritional problem among children
- B. Immunization rates are the same among children of different races and ethnicity
- C. Dental caries is not a problem commonly seen in children since the introduction of fluoridated water
- D. Mental health problems are typically not seen in school-age children but may be diagnosed in adolescents
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Childhood obesity is the most common nutritional problem in children, with significant implications for long-term health, including the risk of developing chronic diseases.
4. Which nursing intervention should be included in the postoperative care of a child following a tonsillectomy?
- A. Encourage the child to blow the nose gently
- B. Notify the physician if mucus is observed in the emesis
- C. Position the child supine in the immediate postoperative period
- D. Avoid giving citrus juice
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Avoid giving citrus juice.' Citrus juice can irritate the throat after a tonsillectomy, so it should be avoided. Choice A is incorrect because blowing the nose gently is not a recommended intervention following a tonsillectomy. Choice B is incorrect as mucus in emesis is not uncommon postoperatively and does not necessarily require physician notification. Choice C is incorrect as positioning the child supine immediately postoperatively can increase the risk of airway obstruction and should be avoided.
5. What statement is descriptive of renal transplantation in children?
- A. It is an acceptable means of treatment after age 10 years.
- B. Children can receive kidneys only from other children.
- C. It is the preferred means of renal replacement therapy in children.
- D. The decision for transplantation is difficult because a relatively normal lifestyle is not possible.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Renal transplantation is the preferred method of treatment for children with end-stage renal disease, as it offers the best chance for a normal lifestyle compared to long-term dialysis. Transplantation can be performed at any age, and kidneys can come from adult donors as well.
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