Nursing Elites

1. Which is the leading cause of death in infants younger than 1 year in the United States?

• A. Congenital anomalies
• B. Sudden infant death syndrome
• C. Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight
• D. Maternal complications specific to the perinatal period

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Congenital anomalies are the leading cause of death in infants younger than 1 year in the United States.

2. Because children younger than 5 years are egocentric, the nurse should do which when communicating with them?

• A. Focus communication on the child.
• B. Use easy analogies when possible.
• C. Explain experiences of others to the child
• D. Assure the child that communication is private

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Focusing communication directly on the child aligns with their egocentric nature and helps engage them in the conversation.

3. The school nurse is assessing children for risk factors related to childhood injuries. Which child has the most risk factors related to childhood injury?

• A. Female, multiple siblings, stable home life
• B. Male, high activity level, stressful home life
• C. Male, even-tempered, history of previous injuries
• D. Female, reacts negatively to new situations, no serious previous injuries

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A male child with a high activity level and a stressful home life has multiple risk factors for childhood injuries, requiring closer supervision and preventive measures.

4. Which laboratory test would be most important for the nurse to assess when caring for a toddler suspected of having cystic fibrosis?

• A. Liver enzymes
• B. Serum calcium
• C. Sweat chloride test
• D. Urine creatinine

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The sweat chloride test is the primary diagnostic test for cystic fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by abnormal transport of chloride and sodium across epithelial cell membranes, leading to increased chloride in sweat. This test is crucial for diagnosing cystic fibrosis in suspected cases. Liver enzymes (Choice A), serum calcium (Choice B), and urine creatinine (Choice D) are not specific tests for cystic fibrosis and would not provide the necessary information for diagnosis in this case.

5. The nurse is caring for a child with suspected ingestion of some type of poison. What action should the nurse take next after initiating cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)?

• A. Empty the mouth of pills, plants, or other material.
• B. Question the victim and witness.
• C. Place the child in a side-lying position.
• D. Call poison control.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: After ensuring the child's immediate survival needs are met with CPR, contacting poison control is critical to receive specific guidance on how to proceed with treatment. Other actions may be necessary depending on the situation but should follow contacting poison control.

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