Nursing Elites

1. Which systemic disease is best controlled with the DASH diet, monitoring blood pressure, limiting sodium, alcohol, and caffeine, reducing stress, and losing weight?

• A. Hypertension
• B. Diabetes mellitus
• C. Parkinson's disease
• D. Anemia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypertension. The DASH diet is specifically designed to control hypertension by reducing sodium intake, managing blood pressure, and promoting overall cardiovascular health. Choice B, Diabetes mellitus, is managed through monitoring blood sugar levels and a balanced diet rich in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Choice C, Parkinson's disease, is a neurological disorder that is not primarily managed through diet modifications. Choice D, Anemia, is a condition characterized by a lack of healthy red blood cells and is typically managed by addressing the underlying cause and sometimes iron supplementation, not by the methods mentioned in the question.

2. Which enzyme initiates protein digestion in the stomach?

• A. Pepsin
• B. Salivary Amylase
• C. CCK
• D. Secretin

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Pepsin is the enzyme that initiates protein digestion in the stomach. It breaks down proteins into smaller peptides, aiding in their further digestion and absorption in the intestines. Salivary Amylase (Choice B) functions in breaking down dietary carbohydrates in the mouth, not proteins. CCK (Choice C) and Secretin (Choice D) are hormones involved in the digestion of fats and carbohydrates, not proteins. Therefore, Choices B, C, and D are incorrect in the context of protein digestion in the stomach.

3. Commonly known as “shabu” is:

• A. Cannabis Sativa
• B. Lysergic acid diethylamide
• C. Methylenedioxy methamphetamine
• D. Methampetamine hydrochloride

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

4. Intrinsic factor from the stomach is needed for the absorption of which vitamin?

• A. vitamin B12
• B. folate
• C. niacin
• D. vitamin B6

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: vitamin B12. Intrinsic factor is a glycoprotein produced by the stomach that is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine. Vitamin B12 binds to intrinsic factor in the stomach, forming a complex that is then absorbed in the ileum. This absorption process is crucial for preventing vitamin B12 deficiency. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not require intrinsic factor for absorption. Folate is absorbed in the small intestine through a different mechanism, niacin can be absorbed in the small intestine without the need for intrinsic factor, and vitamin B6 does not rely on intrinsic factor for absorption.

5. A nurse is providing teaching to a group of adult athletes about preventing the effects of dehydration on the body. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. Impaired motor control
• B. Drop in body temperature during exercise
• C. Increase in appetite
• D. Decreased resting heart rate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Dehydration can lead to impaired motor control due to electrolyte imbalances affecting muscle function. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Dehydration typically causes an increase in body temperature during exercise, not a drop. Dehydration is more likely to suppress appetite, leading to a decrease rather than an increase in appetite. Also, dehydration often results in an increased heart rate rather than a decreased resting heart rate.

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