Nursing Elites

1. What is the absorbable unit of a protein?

• A. Amino acid
• B. Pepsin
• C. Glucose
• D. Sucrose

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Amino acids are the correct answer because they are the building blocks of proteins that the body absorbs after digestion. Pepsin, choice B, is incorrect as it is an enzyme that aids in the digestion of proteins, not the absorbable unit of them. Choices C and D, glucose and sucrose, are wrong because they are types of sugars, not proteins.

2. Aling Maria is nearing menopause. She is habitually taking cola and coffee for the past 20 years. You should tell Aling Maria to avoid taking caffeinated beverages because:

• A. It is stimulating
• B. It will cause nervousness and insomnia
• C. It will contribute to additional bone demineralization
• D. It will cause tachycardia and arrhythmias

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

3. A healthcare professional is reviewing the laboratory findings of a client who has heart failure. Which of the following findings indicates that the client is experiencing fluid volume excess?

• A. BUN 8 mg/dL
• B. Hgb 15 g/dL
• C. Creatinine 0.8 mg/dL
• D. Sodium 140 mEq/L

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A BUN level of 8 mg/dL indicates fluid volume excess in a client with heart failure. BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) levels can be low in fluid overload due to hemodilution, a common occurrence in heart failure. High levels of BUN usually indicate dehydration or impaired renal function, which are not the case in fluid volume excess. Choices B, C, and D are within normal ranges and do not specifically indicate fluid volume excess.

4. A client says to the nurse “I am worthless person, I should be dead” The nurse best replies:

• A. “Don’t say you are worthless, you are not a worthless person”
• B. “We are going to help you with your feelings”
• C. “What makes you feel you’re worthless?”
• D. “What you say is not true”

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

5. A nurse is providing MyPlate education to a client newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Which plate chosen by the client indicates the teaching was effective, according to the MyPlate guidelines?

• A. 1/2 of the plate is filled with carbohydrate foods, 1/4 filled with protein foods, and 1/4 filled with fruits and vegetables
• B. 1/2 of the plate is filled with protein foods, 1/4 filled with carbohydrates, and 1/4 filled with non-starchy vegetables
• C. 1/2 of the plate is filled with carbohydrates, 1/4 filled with protein foods, and 1/4 filled with non-starchy vegetables
• D. 1/2 of the plate is filled with non-starchy vegetables, 1/4 filled with protein foods, and 1/4 filled with carbohydrate foods

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. This option reflects the MyPlate guidelines for managing diabetes effectively. In diabetes management, it is essential to focus on non-starchy vegetables, appropriate protein portions, and controlled carbohydrate intake. Option A places too much emphasis on carbohydrates, which may not be suitable for diabetes. Option B swaps the proportions of protein and carbohydrates, which is not in line with the recommended distribution. Option C places too much emphasis on carbohydrates and lacks the emphasis on non-starchy vegetables, making it less suitable for diabetes management.

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