Nursing Elites

1. How is the equalization of solute concentration of intracellular fluids (ICFs) and extracellular fluids (ECFs accomplished?

• A. Semipermeable membranes.
• B. Hydration.
• C. Osmotic pressure.
• D. Perspiration.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, osmotic pressure. Osmotic pressure within the body equalizes the solute concentration of ICFs and ECFs by shifting small amounts of water in the direction of higher concentration solute. Semipermeable membranes separate one fluid compartment from another and do not directly equalize solute concentrations. Hydration and perspiration are important elements of fluid balance but do not directly achieve the equalization of solute concentrations between ICFs and ECFs, which is primarily regulated by osmotic pressure.

2. An essential nutrient must:

• A. be eaten every day
• B. be obtained by the diet
• C. be water soluble
• D. be eaten at every meal

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'be obtained by the diet.' Essential nutrients are those that the body cannot synthesize in sufficient quantities and must therefore be obtained through the diet. Choice A is incorrect because not all essential nutrients need to be consumed daily; the frequency of consumption varies. Choice C is incorrect because not all essential nutrients are water-soluble; they can be water-soluble or fat-soluble. Choice D is incorrect because essential nutrients do not need to be consumed at every meal, but rather need to be included in the overall diet regularly.

3. What happens when Mrs. Guevarra, a nurse, delegates aspects of the client's care to the nurse-aide, an unlicensed staff member?

• A. Mrs. Guevarra makes the assignment to instruct the staff member
• B. Mrs. Guevarra is assigning the responsibility to the aide but not the accountability for those tasks
• C. Mrs. Guevarra does not need to directly supervise or evaluate the aide
• D. Mrs. Guevarra must know how to perform the task being delegated

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. While it is true that Mrs. Guevarra is delegating tasks to the nurse-aide, she does not necessarily have to directly supervise or evaluate the aide. She still retains the overall accountability for the care of the client, but direct supervision of the aide is not a requirement for delegation. Choice A is incorrect because the primary purpose of delegation is not instruction. Choice B is also incorrect because although Mrs. Guevarra is delegating tasks, she still retains accountability for those tasks. Finally, choice D is incorrect because the ability to perform the task being delegated is not a requirement for the delegator; the delegatee should have the necessary skills and knowledge to perform the delegated tasks.

4. A nurse is teaching a parent about appropriate snack choices for her 9-month-old infant. Which of the following food choices should the nurse recommend?

• A. Skim milk
• B. Unsalted popcorn
• C. Graham crackers
• D. Raw carrots

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Graham crackers are an appropriate snack choice for a 9-month-old infant due to their texture and ease of consumption. Skim milk (Choice A) is not recommended for infants under 1 year old due to the potential risk of developing milk allergies. Unsalted popcorn (Choice B) can be a choking hazard for infants. Raw carrots (Choice D) are a potential choking hazard for a 9-month-old infant and may be difficult for them to chew and digest.

5. You would expect that after an abdominal perineal resection, the type of colostomy that will be use is?

• A. Double barrel colostomy
• B. Temporary colostomy
• C. Permanent colostomy
• D. An Ileostomy

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

Similar Questions