Nursing Elites

1. Which mother is most likely to have had inadequate prenatal care?

• A. Lupe, age 25
• B. Marissa, age 32
• C. Rotunda, age 16
• D. Janette, age 40

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rotunda, age 16, is the most likely to have had inadequate prenatal care due to her young age and possibly limited access to healthcare resources and support. Adolescents are at higher risk for inadequate prenatal care compared to older mothers due to various factors such as lack of awareness, financial constraints, and inconsistent health behaviors. Young mothers may face challenges in seeking proper prenatal care due to reasons like lack of knowledge, fear of judgment, or limited financial means. Older mothers like Lupe, Marissa, and Janette are less likely to have inadequate prenatal care compared to a younger mother like Rotunda, as they may have more access to resources, experience, and support systems.

2. According to the continuous view of development, the difference between the immature and the mature is simply one of amount or complexity.

• A. nature
• B. discontinuous
• C. nurture
• D. continuous

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. According to the continuous view of development, the difference between the immature and the mature is seen as simply one of amount or complexity. This view suggests that development is a gradual and continuous process where individuals steadily acquire new abilities without abrupt changes or stages. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because nature, discontinuous, and nurture do not align with the description provided in the question. Nature typically refers to genetic or biological factors, discontinuous implies stages or abrupt changes, and nurture relates to environmental influences, none of which are synonymous with the continuous view of development.

3. In the eighth month of pregnancy, what typically happens?

• A. fetal growth doubles
• B. neuron production increases
• C. the eyes, ears, nose, jaw, and neck form
• D. lanugo typically is shed

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In the eighth month of pregnancy, lanugo typically is shed. Lanugo is the fine, downy hair that covers a fetus's body to help regulate body temperature while in the womb. By the eighth month, many fetuses shed this hair as they prepare for birth. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because fetal growth doubling, neuron production increasing, and the formation of eyes, ears, nose, jaw, and neck occur in earlier stages of pregnancy, not specifically in the eighth month.

4. __________ aging reflects the reality that aging well involves not only achievement of desirable outcomes but also effective coping with life's challenges and losses.

• A. Optimal
• B. Successful
• C. Peerless
• D. Capital

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Successful.' Successful aging encompasses achieving desirable outcomes and coping effectively with life's challenges and losses. 'Optimal' could imply a focus solely on achieving the best outcomes without considering challenges and losses. 'Peerless' means unmatched or unrivaled, which does not address coping with challenges. 'Capital' is related to wealth or assets and is not suitable in the context of aging and coping with life's difficulties.

5. Although Justin spent his first 18 months in an orphanage, his adoptive mother believes that sensitive caregiving will help Justin overcome his early experiences. Justin's mother emphasizes the role of __________ in development.

• A. nurture
• B. stages
• C. stability
• D. nature

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, nurture. Nurture refers to the environmental influences that shape behavior and development. In this scenario, Justin's adoptive mother believes that providing sensitive caregiving will override the negative effects of his early experiences in the orphanage, highlighting the importance of nurture in promoting healthy development. Choice B, stages, is incorrect as it refers to the sequence of developmental milestones individuals pass through. Choice C, stability, is incorrect as it pertains to the consistency of behavior or development over time. Choice D, nature, is incorrect as it relates to genetic and biological factors influencing development, which is not the focus of Justin's mother's beliefs.

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