what physiologic role does calcium play in the body
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Nursing Elites

ATI RN

ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam

1. What physiologic role does calcium play in the body?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction and relaxation.' Calcium plays a crucial role in various physiological functions such as blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction and relaxation, membrane permeability, and activation of certain enzymes. Choice B is incorrect because while calcium is involved in calcium homeostasis, it is not the only role it plays in the body. Choice C is incorrect as calcium indeed has several known metabolic functions, and it is not solely for preventing caries. Choice D is also incorrect as the functions mentioned are primarily carried out by other nutrients and not specifically by calcium.

2. Where is Vitamin E commonly found?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Vitamin E is an antioxidant commonly found in sources like vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, and green leafy vegetables. It plays a crucial role in protecting cells from damage. Choices A and B are incorrect as Vitamin E is not produced by bacteria in the GI tract nor synthesized by sunlight exposure. Choice C is incorrect as beriberi is a deficiency of Vitamin B1 (thiamine), not Vitamin E.

3. What is the most appropriate nutritional advice for a patient with hypertension?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Increasing potassium intake can help manage blood pressure levels in patients with hypertension.

4. A nurse is initiating continuous enteral feedings for a client who has a new gastrostomy tube. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Flushing the client’s tube with 30 mL of water every 4 hours is essential to maintain tube patency and prevent blockages. This action helps ensure the continuous flow of enteral feedings without obstruction. Measuring the client’s gastric residual every 12 hours (Choice A) is important but not the priority when initiating enteral feedings. Obtaining the client’s electrolyte levels every 4 hours (Choice B) is unnecessary and not directly related to tube feeding initiation. Keeping the client’s head elevated at 15° during feedings (Choice C) is a good practice to prevent aspiration, but tube flushing is more crucial to prevent tube occlusion.

5. Bones continuously lose and gain minerals. This ongoing process is called?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'remodeling.' Remodeling is the process by which bones continuously lose and gain minerals, maintaining bone strength and integrity over time. 'Reorganization' (choice A), 'reorienting' (choice B), and 'demineralizing' (choice C) do not accurately describe the process of bones continuously losing and gaining minerals.

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