Nursing Elites

1. Which cells in the islet of the pancreas are responsible for synthesizing insulin?

• A. Alpha cells
• B. Beta cells
• C. Gamma cells
• D. Delta cells

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Beta cells in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas are responsible for the production and secretion of insulin, which is crucial for regulating blood glucose levels. Alpha cells, on the other hand, produce glucagon, a hormone that raises blood glucose levels. Gamma cells and Delta cells do not exist in the islets of Langerhans; therefore, they are incorrect choices.

2. Which of the following statements about Z-Track technique is false?

• A. Z-Track injections prevent irritation of the subcutaneous tissues
• B. The technique involves creating a Zig-Zag like pattern of medication
• C. It forces the medication to be contained in the subcutaneous tissues
• D. It is used when administering Parenteral Iron

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The Z-Track technique is aimed at preventing medication leakage into the surrounding tissues by sealing the medication in the muscle, not by creating a Zig-Zag pattern. Choice A is correct as Z-Track injections help prevent irritation. Choice C is correct as it accurately describes how the technique works. Choice D is also correct as the Z-Track technique is commonly used when administering Parenteral Iron to prevent staining and irritation of the surrounding tissues.

3. Which monosaccharide is the most sweet?

• A. Glucose
• B. Dextrose
• C. Fructose
• D. Sucrose

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Fructose is the sweetest of the monosaccharides. Note that glucose and dextrose are the same, and sucrose is a disaccharide, not a monosaccharide.

4. Which of the following interventions should be considered the highest priority when caring for June, who has hemiparesis secondary to a stroke?

• A. Position June in an upright lateral position
• B. Perform range of motion exercises
• C. Apply antiembolic stockings
• D. Use hand rolls or pillows for support

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Apply antiembolic stockings'. In the case of a patient who has experienced a stroke and is suffering from hemiparesis, the highest priority intervention is to prevent further complications such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which can be life-threatening. Antiembolic stockings are used to increase venous blood flow velocity and reduce the risk of DVT. Choice 'A', positioning June in an upright lateral position, while important for overall care, is not the highest priority. Choice 'B', performing range of motion exercises, is an important part of recovery but not the immediate priority. Choice 'D', using hand rolls or pillows for support, is also a valuable intervention but does not address the most pressing risk of further complications.

5. Each of the following accurately describes aspects of the dietary reference intakes (DRIs) published by the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) except one. Which one is the exception?

• A. The DRIs replace the older recommended daily allowances
• B. Current DRIs attempt to estimate required nutrients to improve long-term health
• C. DRIs specifically address individuals whose requirements are affected by a disease state
• D. The DRIs attempt to establish maximum safe levels of tolerance for nutrients

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. DRIs are intended for the general population and do not specifically address disease states, which are managed with different clinical guidelines. Choice A is correct as DRIs have replaced the older recommended daily allowances. Choice B is correct as current DRIs aim to estimate the required nutrients for long-term health. Choice D is correct as DRIs also attempt to establish maximum safe levels of tolerance for nutrients.

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