Nursing Elites

1. Causes of acute renal failure include:

• A. chronic renal failure
• B. uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
• C. recurrent urinary tract infections
• D. severe injury such as extensive burns

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Severe injuries, like extensive burns, can cause acute renal failure due to shock, reduced blood flow to the kidneys, and tissue damage. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because chronic renal failure, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, and recurrent urinary tract infections are more likely to contribute to chronic kidney disease rather than acute renal failure.

2. Selective inattention is seen in which level of anxiety?

• A. Mild
• B. Moderate
• C. Severe
• D. Panic

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Selective inattention is a defense mechanism seen in panic-level anxiety. In panic anxiety, individuals may experience selective inattention, where they focus only on specific aspects and ignore others. Mild anxiety does not typically involve selective inattention as individuals can still function effectively. Moderate and severe anxiety may impair attention, but selective inattention is more characteristic of panic-level anxiety.

3. Which of the following is a normal change observed in an elderly individual?

• A. Enhanced sense of taste
• B. Increased appetite
• C. Frequent urination
• D. Lens thinning

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, frequent urination. As people age, they may experience physiological changes that can lead to an increased frequency of urination. This is due to a decrease in bladder capacity and increased bladder irritability, which are normal age-related changes. On the contrary, the sense of taste (Choice A) and appetite (Choice B) often decrease with age, not increase. As for Choice D, the lens of the eye actually thickens with age, not thins, leading to conditions like presbyopia. Therefore, Choices A, B, and D are incorrect.

4. Induction of vomiting is indicated for the accidental poisoning patient who has ingested.

• A. Rust remover C. toilet bowl cleaner
• B. Gasoline D. aspirin
• C.
• D.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

5. Select all that apply. Which nutrients are needed by the body to make hemoglobin?

• A. Iron
• B. Vitamin B12
• C. Niacin
• D. Folate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Iron. Iron is an essential nutrient needed by the body to make hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. While other nutrients like vitamin B12, niacin, and folate are important for various bodily functions, they are not directly involved in the production of hemoglobin. Vitamin B12 is essential for nerve function and DNA synthesis, niacin is important for metabolism, and folate is crucial for cell division and DNA synthesis. Therefore, only iron is specifically required for hemoglobin production.

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