Nursing Elites

1. Causes of acute renal failure include:

• A. chronic renal failure
• B. uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
• C. recurrent urinary tract infections
• D. severe injury such as extensive burns

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Severe injuries, like extensive burns, can cause acute renal failure due to shock, reduced blood flow to the kidneys, and tissue damage. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because chronic renal failure, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, and recurrent urinary tract infections are more likely to contribute to chronic kidney disease rather than acute renal failure.

2. A client with a large lower-leg ulcer needs protein for wound healing. Which of the following foods should the nurse suggest?

• A. Kidney beans
• B. Grilled salmon
• C. Peanut butter
• D. Raw spinach

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Grilled salmon is the best choice for providing high-quality protein for wound healing. Salmon is rich in essential amino acids, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamin D, which can help promote tissue repair and reduce inflammation. Kidney beans, peanut butter, and raw spinach are good protein sources but do not offer the same level of high-quality protein and nutrients needed specifically for wound healing.

3. Dental hygienists are in a key position to assess and detect signs and symptoms of systemic disease because more than one third of the patients treated in a dental office frequently do not interact with a general health care provider.

• A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related
• B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related
• C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct
• D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Dental hygienists often see patients more regularly than general healthcare providers, allowing them to identify systemic issues early.

4. The nurse is working with a patient who recently had a stroke. The patient frequently chokes and coughs when eating and is having difficulty feeding herself. What is the best way to ensure adequate nutrition?

• A. to have an aide feed her at each meal
• B. to ask a family member to assist during meals
• C. to provide tube feedings for the patient
• D. to initiate TPN for the patient

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The best way to ensure adequate nutrition for a stroke patient who frequently chokes and coughs when eating and has difficulty feeding herself is to provide tube feedings. Tube feedings are a safe and effective method to deliver nutrition directly to the stomach or intestines, bypassing the swallowing mechanism, reducing the risk of aspiration. Having an aide feed her each meal (choice A) may not address the underlying issue of swallowing difficulty and aspiration risk. Asking a family member to be present at each meal (choice B) does not provide a definitive solution to the patient's nutritional needs. Placing the patient on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) (choice D) is a more invasive and typically reserved for patients who cannot tolerate enteral feedings or have non-functional gastrointestinal tracts.

5. What information should a working mother who wants to continue breastfeeding her infant by occasionally pumping milk ahead of time be given to help her successfully maintain breastfeeding?

• A. Breast milk can be refrigerated for up to 4 days
• B. Breast milk stored in a deep freezer can be kept for up to 12 months
• C. Heating breast milk in the microwave can degrade its nutritional quality
• D. Breast milk can be expressed either by hand or with an electric pump

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. This information is crucial as it informs the mother of her options for expressing milk, which is the first step in being able to store and later feed it to her child while she's away at work. Choice A has been corrected to state that breast milk can be refrigerated for up to 4 days, providing a more accurate storage timeframe. Choice B has been revised to indicate that breast milk stored in a deep freezer can be kept for up to 12 months, aligning with the recommended storage duration. Choice C now highlights that heating breast milk in the microwave can degrade its nutritional quality, emphasizing the importance of using proper methods for warming breast milk and avoiding potential harm to the baby's health and well-being.

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