causes of acute renal failure include

ATI RN

Proctored Nutrition ATI

1. Causes of acute renal failure include:

A. chronic renal failure
B. uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
C. recurrent urinary tract infections
D. severe injury such as extensive burns

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Severe injuries, like extensive burns, can cause acute renal failure due to shock, reduced blood flow to the kidneys, and tissue damage. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because chronic renal failure, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, and recurrent urinary tract infections are more likely to contribute to chronic kidney disease rather than acute renal failure.

2. A nurse is teaching a client about strategies to prevent constipation. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

A. Drinking four to five glasses of water per day will prevent constipation.
B. I should consume mineral oil once per day.
C. Eating foods high in fiber will make elimination easier.
D. I can skip a meal if I feel bloated.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Eating foods high in fiber increases stool bulk and promotes easier elimination, thus preventing constipation. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Drinking water is important, but the emphasis should be on high-fiber foods. Mineral oil is not a recommended first-line treatment for constipation, and skipping meals can disrupt regular bowel movements, potentially leading to constipation.

3. Transmission of HIV from an infected individual to another person occurs:

A. Most frequently in nurses with needlesticks
B. Only if there is a large viral load in the blood
C. Most commonly as a result of sexual contact
D. In all infants born to women with HIV infection

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

4. A client who practices Islam and is currently observing dietary restrictions for the month of Ramadan. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?

A. Remove pork products from the dietary plan
B. Facilitate fasting during daylight hours
C. Serve meat and dairy items together
D. Provide a low-carb diet on Fridays

Correct answer: B

Rationale: During Ramadan, individuals fast from dawn to sunset. Facilitating fasting during daylight hours respects the dietary practices of clients observing Ramadan. Choice A is incorrect as the dietary restriction during Ramadan involves abstaining from all food and drink during daylight hours, not just beef products. Choice C is incorrect as Muslims generally do not consume meat and dairy together due to religious dietary laws. Choice D is incorrect as providing a low-carb diet on Fridays does not specifically align with the dietary restrictions observed during Ramadan.

5. The nurse is planning education about appropriate protein food choices for a client who has recently been prescribed a renal diet. Which protein food items should the nurse include in the education?

A. Yogurt, seeds, and lentils
B. Beef, bacon, and nuts
C. Peanut butter, beans, and peas
D. Poultry, eggs, and fish

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Poultry, eggs, and fish. These protein sources are high-quality proteins suitable for a renal diet as they provide essential amino acids without excessive amounts of potassium or phosphorus. Choice A, yogurt, seeds, and lentils, may be high in potassium and phosphorus, which could be restricted in a renal diet. Choice B, beef, bacon, and nuts, are also high in phosphorus and may not be ideal for a renal diet. Choice C, peanut butter, beans, and peas, are high in potassium and phosphorus, making them less suitable for a renal diet.