Nursing Elites

1. Which type of lipid is solid at room temperature?

• A. Cholesterol
• B. Phospholipid
• C. Saturated fat
• D. Trans fat

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Saturated fats, such as those found in butter and lard, are typically solid at room temperature due to the lack of double bonds, which allows the fat molecules to pack closely together. Cholesterol (Choice A) is a steroid, not a fat, and while it's solid at room temperature, it doesn't fit the general category of 'lipid' in the context of this question. Phospholipids (Choice B) are a major component of all cell membranes and can be both solid and liquid at room temperature depending on their composition. Trans fats (Choice D) can also be solid or liquid at room temperature, but they are not typically referred to as 'lipids' in a general sense.

2. The nurse knows that after receiving the blood from the blood bank, it should be administered within:

• A. 1 hour
• B. 2 hours
• C. 4 hours
• D. 6 hours

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Blood transfusions need to be administered promptly after receiving the blood from the blood bank to ensure patient safety and effectiveness. Waiting too long can lead to complications such as bacterial growth in the blood product, which can be harmful when infused. Administering the blood within 6 hours is crucial to prevent such risks. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because waiting for 1, 2, or 4 hours respectively can increase the likelihood of complications associated with delayed transfusion.

3. While on Bryant’s traction, which of these observations of Graciela and her traction apparatus would indicate a decrease in the effectiveness of her traction?

• A. Graciela’s buttocks are resting on the bed.
• B. The traction weights are hanging 10 inches above the floor.
• C. Graciela’s legs are suspended at a 90 degree angle to her trunk.
• D. The traction ropes move freely through the pulley.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

4. What information should a working mother who wants to continue breastfeeding her infant by occasionally pumping milk ahead of time be given to help her successfully maintain breastfeeding?

• A. Breast milk can be refrigerated for up to 4 days
• B. Breast milk stored in a deep freezer can be kept for up to 12 months
• C. Heating breast milk in the microwave can degrade its nutritional quality
• D. Breast milk can be expressed either by hand or with an electric pump

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. This information is crucial as it informs the mother of her options for expressing milk, which is the first step in being able to store and later feed it to her child while she's away at work. Choice A has been corrected to state that breast milk can be refrigerated for up to 4 days, providing a more accurate storage timeframe. Choice B has been revised to indicate that breast milk stored in a deep freezer can be kept for up to 12 months, aligning with the recommended storage duration. Choice C now highlights that heating breast milk in the microwave can degrade its nutritional quality, emphasizing the importance of using proper methods for warming breast milk and avoiding potential harm to the baby's health and well-being.

5. Individuals who use antiretroviral drugs frequently develop insulin resistance and _____.

• A. hypertension
• B. hypothyroidism
• C. hyperlipidemia
• D. fluid retention

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: hyperlipidemia. Antiretroviral drugs can often lead to elevated lipid levels (hyperlipidemia), which is a common side effect of this therapy. This increase in lipids can contribute to cardiovascular risk. Hypertension (choice A) is not typically associated with antiretroviral drug use. Hypothyroidism (choice B) and fluid retention (choice D) are also not commonly linked to antiretroviral therapy.

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