Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is assessing a client who has malnutrition. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

• A. Increased vital capacity
• B. Dry skin
• C. Heat intolerance
• D. Decreased mental status

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Malnutrition can lead to a variety of physical and mental symptoms. One common manifestation of malnutrition is a decreased mental status, which includes confusion, lethargy, and cognitive impairment. Dry skin is a typical finding in malnutrition due to the lack of essential nutrients needed for skin health. Heat intolerance is not a direct consequence of malnutrition. While malnutrition can affect respiratory function, it typically leads to decreased vital capacity rather than increased. Therefore, the correct answer is decreased mental status.

2. Induction of vomiting is indicated for the accidental poisoning patient who has ingested.

• A. Rust remover C. toilet bowl cleaner
• B. Gasoline D. aspirin
• C.
• D.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

3. Where in the body are microvilli located, facilitating the absorption of most nutrients?

• A. Stomach
• B. Pancreas
• C. Large Intestine
• D. Small Intestine

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Small Intestine. Microvilli are present in the small intestine, significantly increasing its surface area for efficient absorption of nutrients. The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the body. The stomach (choice A) primarily functions to break down food with its acidic environment but is not where most nutrients are absorbed. The pancreas (choice B) produces enzymes to aid in digestion but does not directly absorb nutrients. The large intestine (choice C) mainly absorbs water and electrolytes from undigested food, rather than nutrients.

4. Which foods are the biggest contributors of saturated fats consumed by Americans?

• A. Butter, coconut, and palm oils
• B. Corn oil
• C. Meat and milk
• D. Cheese, pizza, desserts, and chicken

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cheese, pizza, desserts, and chicken. These foods are significant contributors to the intake of saturated fats in the American diet, often found in processed and fast foods. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because while butter, coconut, and palm oils (A) are sources of saturated fats, they are not the biggest contributors in the American diet. Corn oil (B) is a source of unsaturated fats, and meat and milk (C) contain saturated fats but are not the primary contributors compared to cheese, pizza, desserts, and chicken.

5. Which mineral is important for the synthesis of thyroid hormones?

• A. Iron
• B. Zinc
• C. Iodine
• D. Magnesium

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Iodine is the correct answer. It is crucial for the synthesis of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland. Without sufficient iodine, the thyroid cannot produce adequate amounts of hormones, leading to potential issues like hypothyroidism. Iron (Choice A), Zinc (Choice B), and Magnesium (Choice D) do not play a direct role in the synthesis of thyroid hormones, making them incorrect choices for this question.

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