Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is assessing a client who has malnutrition. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

• A. Increased vital capacity
• B. Dry skin
• C. Heat intolerance
• D. Decreased mental status

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Malnutrition can lead to a variety of physical and mental symptoms. One common manifestation of malnutrition is a decreased mental status, which includes confusion, lethargy, and cognitive impairment. Dry skin is a typical finding in malnutrition due to the lack of essential nutrients needed for skin health. Heat intolerance is not a direct consequence of malnutrition. While malnutrition can affect respiratory function, it typically leads to decreased vital capacity rather than increased. Therefore, the correct answer is decreased mental status.

2. Dietary fiber has been recommended for its possible benefits in reducing heart disease by lowering blood cholesterol. How is fiber thought to play its role in lowering blood cholesterol?

• A. Insoluble fiber binds with cholesterol in the large intestine and is excreted in feces
• B. Viscous fiber binds with bile in the intestine and is excreted in feces
• C. Soluble fiber binds with cholesterol in the blood and is excreted by the liver
• D. Insoluble fiber converts to bile in the large intestine and binds with cholesterol

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Viscous (soluble) fiber binds with bile acids in the intestine, which are then excreted. The liver must use cholesterol to make more bile acids, thereby lowering blood cholesterol levels. Choice A is incorrect as insoluble fiber does not bind with cholesterol in the large intestine. Choice C is incorrect as soluble fiber does not directly bind with cholesterol in the blood. Choice D is incorrect as insoluble fiber does not convert to bile in the large intestine to bind with cholesterol.

3. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely to be associated with increased risk of macular degeneration?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin B12
• C. Vitamin C
• D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Vitamin E is an antioxidant that helps protect eye health and prevent macular degeneration.

4. A nurse is instructing a group of clients about nutrition. The nurse should include that which of the following is a trigger for the formation of vitamin D in the body?

• A. Calcium
• B. Vitamin A depletion
• C. Exposure to sunlight
• D. Weight-bearing exercise

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Exposure to sunlight is the trigger for the formation of vitamin D in the body. When the skin is exposed to sunlight, it produces vitamin D. This process is essential for maintaining healthy levels of vitamin D in the body. Calcium (Choice A) is important for bone health but is not the trigger for vitamin D formation. Vitamin A depletion (Choice B) does not directly trigger the formation of vitamin D. Weight-bearing exercise (Choice D) is crucial for bone health but is not directly related to the formation of vitamin D.

5. A nurse should be cognizant that professional programs for specialty certification by the Board of Nursing accredited through the:

• A. Professional Regulation Commission
• B. Nursing Specialty Certification Council
• C. Association of Deans of Philippine Colleges of Nursing
• D. Philippine Nurse Association

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

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